The effect of Pt on Ni3Al surface oxidation at low-pressures

The fully-oxidized surface that forms on (1 1 1) oriented Ni₃Al single crystals, with and without Pt addition, at 300-900 K under oxygen pressures of ca. 10⁻⁷ Torr was studied using XPS, AES, and LEIS. Two main types of surfaces form, depending upon oxidation temperature. At low-temperature, the predominant oxide is NiO, capped by a thin layer of aluminum oxide, which we refer to generically as Al_xO_y. At high-temperature (i.e., 700-800 K), NiO is replaced by a thick layer of Al_xO_y. By comparing samples that contain 0, 10 and 20 at.% Pt in the bulk, we find that the effect of Pt is to: (1) reduce the maximum amount of both NiO and Al_xO_y; and (2) shift the establishment of the thick Al_xO_y layer to lower temperatures. Platinum also decreases the adsorption probability of oxygen on the clean surface.     

Epitaxial growth of cobalt clusters on the bare and the oxide film grown on NiAl(1 0 0) surfaces

The structure of the nano-sized cobalt clusters on bare NiAl(1 0 0) and an oxidized NiAl(1 0 0) surfaces have been investigated by AES, LEED and RHEED. The deposition of Co onto bare NiAl(1 0 0) at room temperature led to small crystalline Co grains and surface asperities of substrate. The latter is likely induced by replacement of surface Al, Ni atoms by Co deposit. At 800 K Co particles aggregate to form clusters, but incorporation of Co into bulk NiAl(1 0 0) could occur upon annealing at 900 K. On the other hand, pure face-centered cubic (fcc) phase of Co crystallites of ≈1 nm in diameter with inclusion of smaller-sized particles (D < 1 nm) are observed on Θ-Al₂O₃ after Co deposition at room temperature. After annealing the Co nano-clusters grow larger at expense of small particles (D ≈ 3 nm), where the [1 1 0] and [−1 1 0] axis of the Co(0 0 1) facets are parallel to the [1 0 0] and [0 1 0] directions of (0 0 1)oxide, respectively. The in-plane lattice constant of Co clusters is ca. 4% larger than that of bulk Co, yielding less strain at the Co/oxide interface. A 15° ± 10% random orientation of the normal to (0 0 1) facet of Co clusters with respect to (0 0 1)oxide surface was deduced from the “arc”-shape reflection spots in RHEED. These results suggest that both orientation and phase of Co clusters are strongly affected by the nature and structure of oxide surface.     

Characterization of a Pd-Fe bimetallic model catalyst

Small bimetallic Pd-Fe particles supported on a well ordered alumina film grown on NiAl (1 1 0) were studied focusing on the geometric, electronic, adsorption, as well as magnetic properties. The morphology, growth mode and surface composition were investigated by combining scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and infrared spectroscopy (IRAS) using CO as a probe molecule. Information on the electronic properties of the bimetallic systems was obtained by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). These measurements were amended by in situ ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy to address the magnetic properties of the bimetallic particles. The subsequent deposition of the metals at 300 K varying the order of metal deposition resulted in two distinct bimetallic systems. Pd deposited on existing Fe particles forms a shell, however, FMR and XPS suggest that intermixing of Pd and Fe occurs to some extent. For the reverse order, a larger amount of Fe is required to coat Pd particles, due to the strong tendency of Pd to segregate to the surface of the particles.     

Combustion of bimodal nano/micron-sized aluminum particle dust in air

The combustion of bimodal nano/micron-sized aluminum particles with air is studied both analytically and experimentally in a well-characterized laminar particle-laden flow. Experimentally, an apparatus capable of producing Bunsen-type premixed flames was constructed to investigate the flame characteristics of bimodal-particle/air mixtures. The flame speed is positively affected by increasing the mass fraction of nano particles in the fuel formulation despite the lower flame luminosity and thicker flame zone. Theoretically, the flames are assumed to consist of several different regimes for fuel-lean mixture, including the preheat, flame, and post flame zones. The flame speed and temperature distribution are derived by solving the energy equation in each regime and matching the temperature and heat flux at the interfacial boundaries. The analysis allows for the investigation of the effects of particle composition and equivalence ratio on the burning characteristics of aluminum-particle/air mixtures. Reasonable agreement between theoretical results and experimental data was obtained in terms of flame speed. The flame structure of a bimodal particle dust cloud may display either an overlapping or a separated configuration, depending on the combustion properties of aluminum particles at different scales. At low percentages of nano particles in the fuel formulation, the flame exhibits a separated spatial structure with a wider flame regime. At higher nano-particle loadings, overlapping flame configurations are observed.     

In situ‐generated Ru(III)‐mediated ATRP from the polymeric Ru(III) complex in the absence of activator generation agents

Past research has examined the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) with high oxidation state metal complexes and without the need for any additives such as reducing agent or free radical initiator. To extend this research, half‐metallocene ruthenium(III) (Ru(III)) catalysts were used for the polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) for the first time. These catalysts were generated in situ simply by mixing phosphorus‐containing ligand and pentamethylcyclopentadienyl (Cp*) Ru(III) polymer ((Cp*RuCl₂)_n). The complexes in their higher oxidation state such as Cp*RuCl₂(PPh₃) were air‐stable, highly active, and removable catalysts for the ATRPs of MMA with both precision control of molecular weight and narrow polydispersity index. The addition of ppm amount of metal catalyst contributed to the formation of very well‐defined homopolymers and copolymers. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011     

Experimental examination of displacement field in an edge dislocation core in aluminum

The displacement field of an edge dislocation in aluminum was experimentally investigated. Three typical theoretical models were discussed. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and geometric phase analysis (GPA) were used to map the displacement field of an edge dislocation. The displacement field near the dislocation core was determined. The experimental show that Peierls-Nabarro model is the most appropriate theoretical model for displacement field of dislocation in aluminum.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Heterobimetallic Aluminum‐Germanium(IV) Disulfides

Three heterobimetallic aluminum‐germanium(IV) disulfides are synthesized. The reaction of {LAl[(SLi)₂(THF)₂]}₂ ( 1 ) (L = HC(CMeNAr)₂, Ar = 2,6‐iPr₂C₆H₃) with Ph₂GeCl₂, Me₂GeCl₂, and GeCl₄, respectively, in THF afforded LAl(μ‐S)₂GePh₂ ( 2 ), LAl(μ‐S)₂GeMe₂ ( 3 ) and LAl(μ‐S)₂Ge(μ‐S)₂AlL ( 4 ) in good yields. Compounds 2 , 3 and 4 were investigated by elemental analysis, NMR, EI‐MS and 3 was also characterized by single crystal X‐ray structural analysis.     

可聚合手性酰胺类单体的合成

以S-(+)-1-甲基环己乙胺或S-(-)-1-甲基苯乙胺为手性源,分别与甲基丙烯酰氯和10-十一烯酰氯酰胺化合成了4个典型的可聚合手性酰胺类单体,其结构经NMR,IR和元素分析表征。     

An IR Spectroscopic Investigation of Nanostructured AlN and GaN Powder Surfaces

By combining the results of IR spectroscopy experiments, both in the transmission and diffuse reflectance modes, with data obtained by HRTEM, XRD and XPS an overall picture of AlN and GaN nanoparticle surface structures and functionality were deduced. The surface species from the IR data analysis indicated that the nanostructured AlN powder surfaces had acidic and weak basic sites in the form of Al³⁺ and Al₃N^–, respectively. Also present were -OH, -NH₂, and -NH. For GaN, the bulk core of the particle had a zincblendel (FCC) structure with nitrogen vacancies, and the only functionality detected was Ga–H. The surface of the particles had a wurtzite(HCP) structure, with abundant NH and NH₂ groups as well as OH and Ga³⁺ functionalities.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定中低合金钢中痕量铝

应用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定了中、低合金钢中痕量铝,并对质谱仪的工作条件作了优化.用微波加热消解技术对样品进行前处理,用混合比例为3比1比1的浓硝酸、浓盐酸及浓氢氟酸的混合酸作为溶解酸.对微波炉的操作程序及参数作出详细叙述.此方法的检出限为ω(Al)1.9×10-6%,对浓度水平为ω(Al)1.4×10-4%的试样进行精密度试验,其结果的标准偏差值均小于6.0%.