新显色剂对溴苯基重氮氨基偶氮苯与镍显色反应的研究及应用

本文研究了新显色剂对溴苯基重氮氨基偶氮苯与镍的显色反应。在非离子表面活性剂ＯＰ存在下，于ｐＨ９．６的硼砂－氢氧化钠介质中，镍与该试剂形成１：３稳定的红色配合物，其最大吸收波长位于５４０ｎｍ处，表现摩尔吸光系数ε＝９．０×１０４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１，镍量在０－１１μｇ／２５ｍＬ范围内符合比尔定律。用于铝合金中微量镍的测定，结果满意。     

通过调控晶体结构提高氧气还原反应电催化活性:MPt金属间相纳米晶（英文）

燃料电池的正极主要发生氧还原反应(ORR),但是该反应的动力学速率较慢,需要催化剂来降低反应的过电势.目前商用的催化剂是碳载铂纳米粒子催化剂,但是铂高昂的价格严重阻碍了燃料电池的大规模商业化.近年来的理论和实验研究表明,过渡金属(M)与铂(Pt)形成的纳米晶合金(MPt)能够作为有效的ORR催化剂,同时由于引入价格低廉的过渡金属,催化剂成本有所降低.然而,即使合金化的催化剂具有良好的初始催化性能,但是在燃料电池的实际操作环境,即高电压、高温和酸性条件,长时间运行之后,过渡金属很容易被腐蚀流失,从而留下表面配位数较低的铂原子,而这些铂原子对ORR反应几乎没有催化作用,导致催化剂逐渐失活,燃料电池的输出功率逐渐降低.最近一些研究表明,铂基催化剂在一定条件下,例如加热,能够发生固态相变,形成结构有序的即金属间纳米晶(iNCs).与无序排列的合金相比,这种有序的MPt能够调控表面铂原子与含氧中间体的结合能,可以进一步提高ORR活性;同时,由于在金属间纳米晶中铂原子与过渡金属原子具有很强的相互作用,过渡金属在酸性溶液中也不容易被腐蚀,从而大大提高了催化剂的稳定性.本综述以FePt,CoPt和PbPt为例,总结了它们的相变规律和条件,同时关注它们的合成-结构-性能的构效关系,突出金属间结构在提高活性和稳定性方面的优势.最后,为了进一步提高MPt金属间纳米晶的活性,我们提出一些可能的方向和观点,包括:(1)在实现无序-相变的同时实现形貌调控来提高催化剂活性;(2)关注尺寸效应,尽可能减小MPt金属间纳米晶的尺寸,提高铂的利用率,从而提高催化剂活性;(3)关注材料的有序程度,尽可能提高材料的有序度,充分发挥金属间纳米晶对于氧还原反应的优势     

One‐step Synthesis of AuAg Alloy Nanodots and its Electrochemical Studies towards Nitrobenzene Reduction and Sensing

Efficient, stable, and low‐cost electrocatalysts for the degradation and sensing of environment pollutants are essential components of clean environment monitoring. Here we report, one‐step synthesis and characterization of 1–3 nm diameter sized bi‐metallic AuAg nanodots (NDs) embedded in amine functionalized silicate sol‐gel matrix (SSG) and its electrochemical studies toward nitrobenzene. The SSG was used as a reducing agent as well as stabilizer for the prepared mono‐ and bi‐metallic nanoparticles (NPs). From the HRTEM, STEM‐EDS and XPS analyses, the bi‐metallic AuAg NDs were identified as an alloy and not the mixtures of Au and Ag NPs. Characteristic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band between the Au and Ag NPs SPR absorption region was noticed for the prepared AuAg NDs. The AuAg alloy NDs with different concentrations of Au and Ag (Au₂₅Ag₇₅, Au₅₀Ag₅₀ and Au₇₅Ag₂₅ NDs) modified electrodes exhibited synergistic electrocatalytic effect than did the Au and Ag NPs towards nitrobenzene reduction and detection. Together with ultra‐small size and exceptional colloidal stability features within these SSG‐AuAg NDs pave convenient way for nanotechnology‐based catalysts development and sensor applications.     

间规聚苯乙烯合金

间规聚苯乙烯(sPS)是一种新型的结晶性工程塑料，与通用聚苯乙烯相比，具有结晶性能好，耐化学腐蚀性能优良等特点，因而具有较大的开发价值。本文总结了近十年来所报道的各种类型的sPS合金，包括sPS／弹性体合金，sPS／尼龙合金和sPS／聚酯合金，并对各种合金的力学性能和耐热性进行了详细论述。     

Simple and sensitive determination of arsenic by volatile arsenic trichloride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry

A simple, sensitive and interference-free method was proposed for the determination of arsenic, based on the generation of volatile arsenic trichloride coupled with atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Thiourea, together with l-ascorbic acid, was used to reduce As(V) to As(III), and the chloride generation was based on the reaction between As(III) and hydrochloric acid. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the present procedure allows for the quantification of arsenic in the concentration range of 0.01–4.0 mg L⁻¹, with a limit of detection (3σ) of 6.0 μg L⁻¹. The relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) is 4.0% for 0.1 mg L⁻¹ arsenic (n = 7). Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of arsenic in several certified reference samples (stainless steel, alloy steel, copper alloy and water sample) and real samples (brass material and spiked cobalt material), with analytical results well-agreed with those by ICP-MS.     

A novel synthetic method for preparing poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide)/polystyrene alloy in reactor containing aqueous medium

Considering the defect of solution polymerization of 2,6-dimethylphenol (DMP), the low molecular weight of poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) synthesized in water and difficulty in processing of PPO, a novel one-pot synthetic method for preparing PPO/PS alloy in reactor containing aqueous medium was proposed based on green chemistry. In the presence of styrene, DMP was polymerized to form PPO, and then styrene was in situ polymerized under the initiation of dibenzoyl peroxide (BPO) and dicumyl peroxide (DCP), finally thermodynamically compatible PPO/PS alloy was prepared. It was found that the introduction of styrene during the oxidative polymerization of DMP could increase the molecular weight of PPO. When styrene content was 50 wt%, for the synthesized PPO/PS alloy the yield and the weight-average molecular weight were determined to be 95% and 1.7 × 10⁵ for PPO, 93% and 2.0 × 10⁵ for PS, respectively.     

Properties of Pd---Au and Pt---Cu alloy surfaces for the adsorption and catalytic reduction of O2 and NO by H2

The adsorption and catalytic properties of Pd---Au and Pt---C alloy surfaces were investigated under low pressure conditions, with the real surface composition being monitored using Auger electron spectroscopy. Flash desorption experiments on O₂ and NO, and steady state kinetic experiments involving the reduction of these substances by H₂ were performed on polycrystalline alloy surfaces. For the Pd---Au system, O₂ desorption was promoted by gold, as shown by the shift of O₂ desorption toward lower temperature and a linear decrease in the saturated amount of O₂ adsorption with increase in gold content. For the Pt---Cu system, O₂ desorption was retarded by copper i.e. the O₂ desorption temperature shifted upward with increase in copper content. In both the alloy systems, catalytic activities for the above reactions were significantly suppressed by the addition of gold or copper to the platinum group metals. The drop was more pronounced for NO reduction, suggesting that a larger ensemble of active platinum group metal atoms are necessary for NO dissociation.     

Electrochemical noise generated during the stress corrosion cracking of sensitized alloy 690

Electrochemical noise in current has been used to monitor the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility of alloy 690 sensitized at 700 °C during 48 h in sodium thiosulfate at 90 °C. At 48 h of aging, the specimen failed by SCC and the corrosion current pulses had high intensity and low frequency, and were associated with the nucleation and propagation of stress corrosion cracks during slow strain rate tests. When the alloy was immune to SCC, the observed corrosion current pulses had a much higher frequency and lower intensity, indicating either uniform corrosion or passivation. The type of transients observed do not indicate the mechanism responsible for the observed embrittlement, but only the cracking initiation or propagation process.     

Formation and structure of a (√19 × √19)R23.4°-Ge/Pt(1 1 1) surface alloy

An ordered (√19 × √19)R23.4°-Ge/Pt(1 1 1) surface alloy can be formed by vapor depositing one-monolayer Ge on a Pt(1 1 1) substrate at room temperature and subsequently annealing at 900-1200 K. The long-range order of this structure was observed by low energy electron diffraction (LEED) and confirmed by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The local structure and alloying of vapor-deposited Ge on Pt(1 1 1) at 300 K was investigated by using X-ray Photoelectron Diffraction (XPD) and low energy alkali ion scattering spectroscopy (ALISS). XPS indicates that Ge adatoms are incorporated to form an alloy surface layer at ∼900 K. Results from XPD and ALISS establish that Ge atoms are substitutionally incorporated into the Pt surface layer and reside exclusively in the topmost layer, with excess Ge diffusing deep into the bulk of the crystal. The incorporated Ge atoms at the surface are located very close to substitutional Pt atomic positions, without any corrugation or “buckling”. Temperature Programmed Desorption (TPD) shows that both CO and NO adsorb more weakly on the Ge/Pt(1 1 1) surface alloy compared to that on the clean Pt(1 1 1) surface.     

标准加入法测定锆铀合金中微量铪

应用标准加入ICP-AES测定锆铀合金中微量铪.当试样中锆的浓度为8mg/mL时,铪的测定范围是50-400μg/g,回收率为101%-106%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为3.7%-5.8%.