Isotopic dimension in biology—A counterpart for quantum indeterminism?

Summary We suggest that the random distribution of stable isotopes may act as a contributing factor towards unpredictability and irreproducibility in living systems. In this respect isotopic randomness could act as a counterpart or competitor of the ?standard? quantum-mech cal indeterminism.     

Two-dimensional field theories close to criticality

Using techniques developed in the context of conformai invariant two-dimensional field theories, we present some examples of finite-size-effect calculations in the vicinity of the critical point perturbed by relevant operators.     

Bioaccessiblity features of particulate bound toxic elements: Review of extraction approaches,concentrations and health risks

For a better and accurate risk assessment of metal toxicity, the concentration of the bioaccessible fraction (BAF) is more relevant than the total metal concentration. This review describes different extraction methods with different leaching agents for various chemical forms of elements such as As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in ambient particulate matter (APM). Several leaching agents simulating the human body fluids have been developed to determine the bioaccessible metal fractions in APM. This study aims to enhance the knowledge of the bioaccessible concentrations and its impact on human health, documented for different locations worldwide. Furthermore, this study disclosed that confined observations have been found concerning the application and evolution of standard methods for the estimation of biologically relevant elements in ambient particulate matter. This review also revealed that human body simulated fluids like lung and gastric fluids, on comparing to water, provide more realistic values of bioaccessible fractions of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in assessing human health risks.     

Fluorescence Reduction by a Triplet-State Population

The range of applications for fluorescent dyes in medicine and biology is increasing greatly. At the same time, the demands on the dyes are getting bigger. The dye molecules are often expected to emit maximum-intensity fluorescence. The primary requirement for this is naturally a high fluorescence quantum yield. Beyond this, it must be considered that fluorescent molecules located in a meta-stable triplet state are not able to emit fluorescent radiation. This represents a reduction of the intensity of the fluorescence, which is generally underestimated in its importance. The size of this perturbation can be grasped by knowledge of the quantum yield for occupation of the triplet state and its lifetime. Unfortunately these parameters are completely unknown, even for frequently used dyes. On investigating some medically and biologically relevant dyes, it is shown that the attainable fluorescence intensity could be reduced strongly by occupation of the triplet state.     

基于BP神经网络的多升降台同步控制研究

大型分布式升降台控制系统中,其同步控制是最关键的问题之一。针对传统神经网络PID控制器在多升降台同步控制的结构复杂及同步时间长等问题,提出一种基于相邻偏差耦合控制结构的BP神经网络PID同步控制策略,在确定同步误差定义的基础上,建立异步电机的矢量控制模型,改进了BP神经网络同步控制器。对多升降台同步控制系统的仿真实验表明：所研究的控制策略同步误差小,收敛速度快,实用性强。     

区域相关位相去包络技术

本文提出区域相关位相去包络新方法,配合非相容点标记方法,实现了快速、准确的位相去包络,为了验证该技术的可靠性,本文用数值模拟的方法对一个典型的位相结果进行去包络和误差分析,并对相移干涉云纹实验中取得的位图进行了去包络处理,最后讨论了区域相关去包络的优点。     

有理B样条曲线的快速逐点生成算法

给出了有理B样条曲线的快速逐点生成算法。对均匀有理参数曲线或非均匀有理参数曲线（NURBS），对低次有理B样条曲线和高次有理B样条曲线都适用，算法速度快，效率高，具有广泛的应用价值。     

Adjacent and tangent regularity

In this paper we define regularity for general adjacency and tangency concepts and we study it in some particular cases. Most of the convex but sophisticated approximations used in optimization theory can be disconvexified using the regularity notion and their adjacent or tangent structure can be perceived looking at them under the regularity angle.     

Likelihood-based belief function: Justification and some extensions to low-quality data

Given a parametric statistical model, evidential methods of statistical inference aim at constructing a belief function on the parameter space from observations. The two main approaches are Dempster's method, which regards the observed variable as a function of the parameter and an auxiliary variable with known probability distribution, and the likelihood-based approach, which considers the relative likelihood as the contour function of a consonant belief function. In this paper, we revisit the latter approach and prove that it can be derived from three basic principles: the likelihood principle, compatibility with Bayes' rule and the minimal commitment principle. We then show how this method can be extended to handle low-quality data. Two cases are considered: observations that are only partially relevant to the population of interest, and data acquired through an imperfect observation process.     

某些中间图的邻点可区别E-全色数

设G（V,E）是简单连通图,T（G）为图G的所有顶点和边构成的集合,并设C是k-色集（k是正整数）,若T（G）到C的映射f满足：对任意uv∈E（G）,有f（u）≠f（v）,f（u）≠f（uv）,f（v）≠f（uv）,并且C（u）≠C（v）,其中C（u）={f（u）}∪{f（uv）｜uv∈E（G）}.那么称f为图G的邻点可区别E-全染色（简记为k-AVDETC）,并称χ_（at）~e（G）=min{k｜图G有k-邻点可区别E-全染色}为G的邻点可区别E-全色数.图G的中间图M（G）就是在G的每一个边上插入一个新的顶点,再把G上相邻边上的新的顶点相联得到的.探讨了路、圈、扇、星及轮的中间图的邻点可区别E-全染色,并给出了这些中间图的邻点可区别E-全色数.