远红外分光技术及其应用

介绍远红外光源、远红外光学材料和元件、检出器、分光装置、相关光源等，最后阐述远红外技术的各种应用。     

A Note on the KAM Theorem for Symplectic Mappings

The mapping version of Pöschel's theory on differentiable foliation structures of invariant tori is presented and the relevant estimates explicitly in terms of the diophantine constant and the nondegeneracy parameters of frequency maps are given. As a direct application of the main result, a generalization of Moser's small twist theorem to high dimensions is given.     

Chaotic dynamics in biological information processing: A heuristic outline

Summary A given but otherwise random environmental time series impinging on the input of a certain biological processor passes through with overwhelming probability practically undetected. A very small percentage of environmental stimuli, though, is ?captured? by the processor's nonlinear dissipative operator asinitial conditions, that is, assolutions of the processor's dissipative dynamics. The processor, then, is in such cases instrumental in compressing or abstracting those stimuli, thereby making the external world to collapse from a previous regime of a ?pure state? of suspended animation onto a set of stable eigenfunctions or ?categories?—chaotic strange attractors. The characteristics of this cognitive set depend on the operator involved and the hierarchical level where the abstraction takes place. In this paper we model the physics of such a cognitive process and the role that the thalamo-cortical pacemaker of the (human) brain plays in both stimulating the individual attractors and permutating them on a time division multiplexing basis. A synthesis of the Markovian processes taking place within each individual attractor-memory and the Markovian or semi-Markovian process involving the intermittent jumping among the different attractor-memories are discussed.

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Riassunto Una data ma casuale serie temporale ambientale che influisce sull'immissione di un determinato processore biologico passa con schiacciante probabilità praticamente inosservata. Una piccolissima percentuale di stimoli ambientali, tuttavia, è catturata dall'operatore dissipativo non lineare del processore comecondizioni iniziali, cioè comesoluzioni della dinamica dissipativa del processore. Il processore è quindi, in tali casi, strumentale nel comprimere o estrarre quegli stimoli, facendo perciò collassare il mondo esterno da un precedente regime di ?stato puro? ad animazione sospesa ad un gruppo di autofunzioni stabili o ?categorie?—attrattori caotici strani. Le caratteristiche di questo gruppo cognitivo dipendono dall'operatore coinvolto e dal livello gerarchico in cui l'estrazione ha luogo. In questo lavoro si modella la fisica di tale processo cognitivo e il ruolo che lo stimolatore talamo-corticale del cervello (umano) ha sia nello stimolare gli attrattori individuali che nel permutarli su una base che manda segnali multiplex a divisione temporale. Si discute una sintesi dei processi markoviani che hanno luogo all'interno di ogni attrattore-memoria individuale e il processo markoviano o semimarkoviano che interessa il salto intermittente tra i diversi attrattori-memoria.

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Резюме Временная последовательность на входе некоторого биологического процессора может иметь практически недетектируемую вероятность. Очень небольшой процент стимулов окружающей среды ?захватывается? нелинейным диссипативным оператором процессора как начальные условия, т.е. представляется как решение диссипативпой динамики процессора. Затем процессор обрабатывает внешние стимулы, вынуждая внешний мир коллапсировать из предыдущего режима ?чистого состояния? приостановленного оживления в систему собственных функций или ?категорий?. Характеристики зтой познавательной системы зависят от используемого оператора и иерархического уровня, на котором происходит абстрагирование. В зтой статье мы моделируем физику такого познавательного процесса. Обсуждается синтез марковских процессов, происходящий внутри отдельного злемента ?атрактор-память?, и марковский или полумарковский процесс, включающий пережежающиеся прыжки между различными злементами ?атракторпамять?.

     

Asymptotic Information-Theoretic Detection of Dynamical Organization in Complex Systems

The identification of emergent structures in complex dynamical systems is a formidable challenge. We propose a computationally efficient methodology to address such a challenge, based on modeling the state of the system as a set of random variables. Specifically, we present a sieving algorithm to navigate the huge space of all subsets of variables and compare them in terms of a simple index that can be computed without resorting to simulations. We obtain such a simple index by studying the asymptotic distribution of an information-theoretic measure of coordination among variables, when there is no coordination at all, which allows us to fairly compare subsets of variables having different cardinalities. We show that increasing the number of observations allows the identification of larger and larger subsets. As an example of relevant application, we make use of a paradigmatic case regarding the identification of groups in autocatalytic sets of reactions, a chemical situation related to the origin of life problem.     

Structural dissimilarity sampling with dynamically self‐guiding selection

Structural dissimilarity sampling (SDS) has been proposed as an enhanced conformational sampling method for reproducing the structural transitions of a given protein. SDS consists of cycles of two steps: (1) Selections of initial structures with structural dissimilarities by referring to a measure. (2) Conformational resampling by restarting short‐time molecular dynamics (MD) simulations from the initial structures. In the present study, an efficient measure is proposed as a dynamically self‐guiding selection to accelerate the structural transitions from a reactant state to a product state as an extension to the original SDS. In the extended SDS, the inner product (IP ) between the reactant and the snapshots generated by short‐time MD simulations are evaluated and ranked according to the IP s at every cycle. Then, the snapshots with low IP s are selected as initial structures for the short‐time MD simulations. This scheme enables one to choose dissimilar and distant initial structures from the reactant, and thus the initial structures dynamically head towards the product, promoting structural transitions from the reactant. To confirm the conformational sampling efficiency, the extended SDS was applied to maltodextrin binding protein (MBP), and we successfully reproduced the structural transition from the open to closed states with submicrosecond‐order simulation times. However, a conventional long‐time MD simulation failed to reproduce the same structural transition. We also compared the performance with that obtained by the ordinary SDS and other sampling techniques that have been developed by us to characterize the possible utility of the extended SDS for actual applications. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Z[6~(1/2)]上的正定么模格的分类

本文利用推广的邻格方法，完成了Ｚ[ ］上秩 ４判别式 １的所有正定么模格的分类．     

一种全场三维共焦检测的新方法

提出了一种利用微光学阵更合成器件实现全场三维面形并行检测、记录的共焦方法。此方法的关键是，在共焦系统中引入一一微光学耻列合成器件来产生一点光源阵列，实现了对同一一剖面同时并行检测，并首次采用了ＣＣＤ面阵像元取代上孔光阑直接截取三维信息光强。本文讨论了该方法的三信息检测原理，响应关系，给出了初步的实验结果和三维重构图。     

The new physics of ultrathin elastic conoids

Summary Despite centuries of intense effort amongst mathematicians, and a huge literature in this field, there has previously never been a generally valid mathematical model of ultrathin elastic ?shells? (actually surfaces) of revolution. This survey paper presents the first theoretical framework capable of unifying, into a single coherent body of knowledge, a diversity of shapes associated with elastic bows, car bumper-bars, molluscan shells, even flower-buds and pine-cones. It becomes apparent why conventional analysis enjoys limited success when approximating elastic cones to perturbedcylinders anddiscs. Also the paper provides a theoretical basis for analysing the wrinkling of compressed engineering structures. These successes, the new unification and the simplicity of relevant theory which maynever in principle be capable of working in this context.     

分子拓扑学方法估算多环芳香烃类化合物的电离能

在构建多环芳烃类化合物分子的邻接矩阵主对角元时,结合烷基极化效应指数考虑分子图顶点的性质,以分子碎片C、CH、CH2、CH3等的相对能量作主元,用分子拓扑学方法构建了多环芳香烃类化合物新的邻接矩阵.研究结果发现,新的邻接矩阵特征根与多环芳香烃类化合物的电离能有良好的相关性Ipi=4.756+2.870OMOi,R=0.9853,s=0.1765,n=446.用这种新方法估算多环芳香烃类化合物的电离能,所用参数少且为分子结构性参数,稳定可靠,计算简便,结果较满意.