Evolution of wood surface free energy after heat treatment

Surface free energies of pine and beech wood were investigated before and after heat treatment using the Lifshitz-van der Waals/acid-base approach from contact angles measured by the Wilhelmy method. The results obtained showed that the decrease of the electron-donating component of the acid-base component was the major parameter affecting the wetting of the modified wood's surface. The Lifshitz-van der Waals component was slightly modified after heat treatment indicating that the atomic and molecular interactions due to permanent or induced dipoles between wood macromolecules were weakly modified. Modification of the surface chemical composition was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and titration of acidity. XPS indicated an important decrease of the O/C ratio after heat treatment explaining the decrease of the electron-donating component (γ⁻) of the surface free energy. The decarboxylation and degradation of glucuronic acids present in hemicelluloses, demonstrated by titration of carboxylic acid functions of wood, had only limited effect on the electron-accepting component (γ⁺).     

有机质子和有机水溶剂中有机酸pKa值的测定与玻璃电极的标定

在非水质子溶剂和有机．水溶液中有机酸的酸碱平衡常数测定精度与质子浓度的测定精度密切相关。溶液中质子活度可以用水标准溶液标定的玻璃电极用电位法来测定。测得的以水为标准的质子活度pHm,可用-log[H2S^＋]=pHm-（-logγ-D）来转换成质子的浓度,（-logγ-D）是一个与该溶剂有关的常数。用非线性回归法对有机酸的质子交换数与质子溶度关系模拟可以进一步提高有机酸酸度测定的精度。     

采用电位滴定法在DMSO/H2O混合溶剂体系中测定磺酰脲(胺)类除草剂的酸离解常数

采用电位滴定法在DMSO/H₂O(质量比80:20)混合体系中测定了磺酰脲和三唑并嘧啶磺酰胺类除草剂的酸离解常数,进而采用回归分析方法探讨了测得的pK_a值与化合物的前沿轨道能级以及取代基效应之间的相关性,结果较为满意,从而证明从该体系测得的pK_a值用于构效关系分析是完全可行的.     

通过调变SAPO-11的孔道和酸性制备高选择性加氢裂化/异构化催化剂北大核心CSCD

为了制备一种高选择性生产生物航空煤油的加氢异构化/加氢裂化催化剂,分别研究了酸和碱改性对分子筛SAPO-11的结构性质和酸性质的影响.当采用适当的磷酸浓度(0.3 mol·L^(-1),样品X2)时,样品具有良好的结晶度(64%)、外比表面积(204 m^(2)·g^(-1))和介孔体积(0.412 cm^(3)·g^(-1)),且均远高于对比样品.而最佳氢氧化钠浓度(0.5 mol·L^(-1),样品Y4)也显示出样品良好的结晶度、外比表面积和介孔体积(分别为77%、169 m^(2)·g^(-1)、0.416 cm^(3)·g^(-1)).通过XRD、NH3-TPD、SEM和IR对催化剂进行了详细的表征.Py-IR分析结果表明,样品的Bro¨nsted酸位点经过磷酸修饰和碱修饰后转化为Lewis酸位点.采用正十六烷对催化剂的加氢裂化/异构化性能评价表明,磷酸改性和碱改性可以提高正十六烷的转化率和产物的异正比,原因是酸碱处理提供了优化的外比表面积、介孔度和酸性质.对于长链正构烷烃的催化反应而言,增加分子筛的介孔度,也就是增加了分子筛的外比表面积,这减少了传质阻力,有助于增加长链烷烃与活性催化位点接触的频率,从而显著提高了Pt/SAPO-11对正十六烷的加氢异构化/加氢裂化能力,提高了生物航空煤油组分的产率.     

SAPO－34分子筛表面酸性质的研究

以水热合成法制备了三个具有不同硅磷铝组成的硅磷酸铝分子筛ＳＡＰＯ－３４样品，采用红外光谱（ＩＲ）和氨法程序升温脱附（ＴＰＤ）两种方法考察了它们的表面酸性质。红外谱图中的３６００ｃｍ－１和３６２１ｃｍ－１谱峰归属于处于ＳＡＰＯ－３４分子筛结构中不同位置的两种桥联羟基（Ｓｉ－ＯＨ－Ａｌ）的振动。ＮＨ３－ＩＲ测定结果显示，这两种羟基具有较强的Ｂ酸特性，并且是分子筛酸性的主要来源；而分子筛具有的Ｌ酸中心的酸性较弱。比较三个样品的ＮＨ３－ＴＰＤ、ＮＨ_３－ＩＲ和骨架组成后发现，ＳＡＰＯ－３４的酸性受其骨架硅含量的强烈影响：当Ｓｉ／Ａｌ摩尔比小于１时，酸性随硅含量增高而变弱；当Ｓｉ／Ａｌ摩尔比大于１时，酸性将随硅含量增高而变强。     

改性纳米HZSM-5催化剂上噻吩转化反应的研究

采用脉冲微反色谱研究了噻吩在不同方法制备的四种纳米HZSM-5沸石催化剂上的催化转化,并利用色质联用技术对反应产物定性.结果表明,在370℃下,噻吩在各种催化剂上除了脱硫生成硫化氢以外,还生成少量2-甲基噻吩、3-甲基噻吩和苯并噻吩等新的硫化物.噻吩转化率和脱硫率受反应气氛和催化剂酸度影响很大.氢气气氛比氮气气氛有利于提高噻吩转化率和脱硫率.临氢作用的实质是气相中的分子氢被催化剂上的L酸活化向噻吩裂化脱硫反应供氢.通过改性适当降低催化剂上的B酸中心数量和强度,增加L酸的比例,有利于发挥临氢作用.     

Mesoporous Ga-MCM-41 as support for metallocene catalysts: Acidity–activity relationship

Several Ga-MCM-41 materials, prepared using different synthesis and template removal procedures, were used for the immobilisation of Cp₂ZrCl₂ by a direct impregnation method. Supports were carefully characterised by XRD, N₂ adsorption, ICP-AES, AAS, XPS and FTIR (using pyridine as probe molecule for acid sites), in order to assess their structural features, chemical composition (bulk and surface) and surface acidity properties.Supported catalysts were tested for the polymerisation of ethylene, using methylaluminoxane (MAO) as cocatalyst/activator. The relationships established between concentration/strength of acid sites of Ga-MCM-41 and the catalytic performance of zirconocene dichloride supported in these materials demonstrate that the behaviour of the catalytic systems analysed in this paper is compatible with existing models for the interaction of single-site olefin polymerisation catalysts with other inorganic acidic oxides.     

Theoretical Study of Gas-Phase Acidities of Selected Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

The structure and gas-phase acidities of six members of large angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor family [cilazaprilat, silanediol, fosinoprilat, AcSDKP, angiotensin_I (terminal part), and RXP_407] have been studied using the ONIOM Becke3LYP/6-311+G(d,p):HF/3-21G^∗ method. The investigated ACE inhibitors are weak acids with calculated acidity of about 1270–1650 kJ mol⁻¹. Of acids studied the highest gas-phase acidity (1273 kJ mol⁻¹) possesses experimental ACE inhibitor RXP_407. This drug, according to the computed pK_a value (3.2), is also in water solution the most acidic compound of the ACE inhibitors investigated.     

负载型钒基催化剂上丙烷的临氧活化转化

用ＴＰＳＲ（程序升湿表面反应）－ＴＲ（ＦＴ）ＩＲ技术,研究临氧条件下丙烷负载型钒基催化剂上的活化和转化,并与催化剂的可不原性和表面酸性相关联,丙烷氧化脱氢生成丙烯与深度氧化生成ＣＯｘ的起始反应温度相同;而裂解产物Ｃ２Ｈ４和ＣＨ４的生成温度比丙烷氧化脱氢生成丙烯的高得多,可能主要源于丙烷的高温气相裂解,催化剂的表面酸性位和强的可还原性,有利于丙烷中Ｃ－Ｈ键的活化和临氧转化,降低起以攻提高丙烷转化率,     

A Three Equation Method for the Numerical Evaluation of Acidity Constants of Single Equilibria from Spectrophotometric Data

Abstract

In this paper we devise a numerical method for the evaluation of acidity constants of single equilibria suitable for use when the limit absorbance of the pure species are unavailable since these species cannot be obtained pure in solutions. The method has been applied to the evaluation of the first acidity constant of methylglyoxal bis (4-pheny1-3-thiosemicarbazone) (MGBPT).