Response to the “Comment on Chemical and Toxicological Investigations of a Previously Unknown Poisonous European Mushroom Tricholoma terreum”

Recently, Dr. Paolo Davoli and his colleagues stated that the conclusions drawn by us were misleading from a mycotoxicological perspective, as they cast doubts on the edibility of a mushroom species (Tricholoma terreum) that has been always recognized as safe. Unfortunately, they made a mistake, and seriously misinterpreted our data, which resulted in scepticism of our research. Saponaceolides B and M were tested for their stabilities heating directly on and boiling in water. It is undoubted that both saponaceolides B and M are capable of withstanding prolonged heating during cooking.     

Pattern imprinting in deep sub-micron static random access memories induced by total dose irradiation

Pattern imprinting in deep sub-micron static random access memories(SRAMs) during total dose irradiation is investigated in detail. As the dose accumulates, the data pattern of memory cells loading during irradiation is gradually imprinted on their background data pattern. We build a relationship between the memory cell’s static noise margin(SNM) and the background data, and study the influence of irradiation on the probability density function of ?SNM, which is the difference between two data sides’ SNMs, to discuss the reason for pattern imprinting. Finally, we demonstrate that, for micron and deep sub-micron devices, the mechanism of pattern imprinting is the bias-dependent threshold shift of the transistor, but for a deep sub-micron device the shift results from charge trapping in the shallow trench isolation(STI) oxide rather than from the gate oxide of the micron-device.     

Monte Carlo determination of the infinite matrix dose rate correction factors for 250 μm quartz and TLD500 chip

A new approach based on the Monte Carlo simulation is used to calculate the infinite matrix dose rate correction factors of gamma, beta and internal conversion radiations for 250 μm diameter grains of quartz and TLD500 chips. Here, the dependence of the correction factor on the radiation energy is initially calculated for each type of emitted particle and with this result the correction factors for the ²³²Th and ²³⁸U series and ⁴⁰K are determined. This analysis is made for dry soil and also for different levels of water content in it. The obtained beta correction factors for quartz are in good agreement with those previously reported. For the TLD500 chip certain differences with previously reported data are found. The analysis of the gamma water correction factor for quartz based on Zimmerman equation shows the correspondence with the similar correction factor for electrons. In the case of TLD500 chip a gamma water correction factor value of 1.0 was found.     

双极集成电路低剂量率辐射损伤增强效应的高温辐照加速实验

选择了四种典型双极集成电路,在两种不同剂量率下,开展了不同温度的高温辐照加速实验,测量了典型双极集成电路的辐射敏感参数在不同高温辐照下的变化规律。实验结果表明:高温辐照能够给出空间低剂量率辐射损伤增强效应的保守估计,且存在最佳辐照温度,最佳辐照温度随总剂量的增加向低温区漂移,随剂量率的增大向高温区漂移,在相同剂量率和总剂量下,输入级为NPN晶体管的双极集成电路比输入级为PNP晶体管的最佳辐照温度低。     

A rapid and efficient analytical method for the quantification of a novel anticholinergic compound,R‐phencynonate,by stable isotope‐dilution LC–MS/MS and its application to bioavailability and dose proportionality studies

A rapid, specific and high‐throughput stable isotope‐dilution LC–MS/MS method was developed and validated with high sensitivity for the quantification of R‐ phencynonate (a eutomer of phencynonate racemate) in rat and dog plasma. Plasma samples were deproteinized using acetonitrile and then separated on a C₈ column with an isocratic mobile phase containing acetonitrile–water–formic acid mixture (60:40:0.1, v /v/v) at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. Each sample had a total run time of 3 min. Quantification was performed using triple quadrupole mass spectrometry in selected reaction monitoring mode with positive electrospray ionization. The method was shown to be highly linear (r ² > 0.99) and to have a wide dynamic range (0.1–100 ng/mL) with favourable accuracy and precision. No matrix effects were observed. The detailed pharmacokinetic profiles of R‐ phencynonate at therapeutic doses in rats and dogs were characterized by rapid oral absorption, quick clearance, high volume of distribution and poor absolute bioavailability. R‐ Phencynonate lacked dose proportionality over the oral dose range, based on the power model. However, the area under concentration–time curve and the maximum plasma concentration increased linearly in a dose‐dependent manner in both animal models. The absolute bioavailability of R‐ phencynonate was 16.6 ± 2.75 and 4.78 ± 1.26% in dogs and rats, respectively.     

偏置条件对SOINMOS器件总剂量辐照效应的影响

本文研究了0．8μmSOINMOS晶体管，经剂量率为50rad（Si）／s的60Coγ射线辐照之后的总剂量效应，分析了器件在不同辐照条件和测量偏置下的辐照响应特性．研究结果表明：器件辐照时的栅偏置电压越高，辐照后栅氧化层中积累的空穴陷阱电荷越多，引起的漏极泄漏电流越大．对于漏偏置为5V的器件，当栅电压大于阈值电压时，前栅ID-VG特性曲线中的漏极电流因碰撞电离而突然增大，体电极的电流曲线呈现倒立的钟形．     

The Calculation of the Relative Irradiation Dose Rate of a High-Power Gamma-Source by Digital Computer

Authors have elaborated a method which allows a digital computer to be applied for the calculaiton of the relative irradiation dose rates of the K-120.000 ⁶⁰Co gamma irradiation source with a specific activity of 80.000 Ci. The model used takes into consideration is the joint effect of 80 source-elements which were one-dimensional but of different activities and arranged in four layers one above the other, around one/two imaginary cylinder superficies. In possession of chemical or physical dosimetry data this method can be applied also for the calculation of the absolute irradiation dose ratres. According to the experiences obtained so far, over a distance of 6 cm-s from the source-elements the error of the computed absolute irradiation dose rate data is less than 5%.     

Quasiadiabatisches Differentialkalorimeter zur Darstellung der Einheit der Energiedosis für Quantenstrahlung

Zur Darstellung der Einheit der Energiedosis von Quantenstrahlung für Energien oberhalb von 0,4 MeV wurde im ASMW eine Normalmeßeinrichtung geschaffen, deren Hauptbestandteil ein quasiadiabatisches Differentialkalorimeter ist. Der Aufbau und die Wirkungsweise der Normalmeßeinrichtung werden erläutert. Als Bezugsmaterial für die absolute Bestimmung der Energiedosis dient Graphit. Die Korrektionsfaktoren, die in die Bestimmungsgleichung für die Energiedosis eingehen, werden kurz diskutiert. Die untere Meßgrenze der Einrichtung liegt bei 10^?1 Gy, wobei die Meßunsicherheit 1,4% betrāgt.