Pulse Duration Dependent Asymmetry in Molecular Transmembrane Transport Due to Electroporation in H9c2 Rat Cardiac Myoblast Cells In Vitro

Electroporation (EP) is one of the successful physical methods for intracellular drug delivery, which temporarily permeabilizes plasma membrane by exposing cells to electric pulses. Orientation of cells in electric field is important for electroporation and, consequently, for transport of molecules through permeabilized plasma membrane. Uptake of molecules after electroporation are the greatest at poles of cells facing electrodes and is often asymmetrical. However, asymmetry reported was inconsistent and inconclusive—in different reports it was either preferentially anodal or cathodal. We investigated the asymmetry of polar uptake of calcium ions after electroporation with electric pulses of different durations, as the orientation of elongated cells affects electroporation to a different extent when using electric pulses of different durations in the range of 100 ns to 100 µs. The results show that with 1, 10, and 100 µs pulses, the uptake of calcium ions is greater at the pole closer to the cathode than at the pole closer to the anode. With shorter 100 ns pulses, the asymmetry is not observed. A different extent of electroporation at different parts of elongated cells, such as muscle or cardiac cells, may have an impact on electroporation-based treatments such as drug delivery, pulse-field ablation, and gene electrotransfection.     

Palladium catalyzed ethylene-carbon monoxide alternating copolymerization

A new [(PPh₂CH₂CH₂CH₂PPh₂)Pd(CH₃CN)₂](BF₄)₂/CH₃OH catalyst for olefin/carbon monoxide alternating copolymerization has been found which is far more active and more stable than previous monodente phosphine Pd catalysts. Methanol is a coinitiator as well as a chain transfer agent. Protonic acid is not a coinitiator but causes chain transfers. In the absence of methanol, the copolymerization was characterized by long induction period and slow rate © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

三维荧光二阶校正同时测定人体液中伊立替康及其代谢物7-乙基-10-羟基喜树碱的含量

提出了激发发射矩阵荧光光谱与化学计量学二阶校正方法相结合用于同时快速定量人体液(血浆和尿液)中的伊立替康(CPT11)和其主要代谢产物7-乙基-10-羟基喜树碱(SN38)的绿色、高灵敏分析策略. 尽管其分析物之间以及分析物和背景之间的光谱存在严重重叠现象, 采用基于交替归一加权残差(ANWE)算法的二阶校正方法进行解析仍能得到令人满意的定性定量分析结果. 当该体系的组分数选取为3时, 可以得到血浆和尿液中CPT11的平均回收率分别为(96.8±6.3)%和(101.7±1.1)%, SN38在血浆和尿液中的平均回收率分别为(100.4±4.9)%和(101.6±1.1)%. 另外, 通过品质因子, 如灵敏度(SEN)、选择性(SEL)、检测下限(LOD)和定量检测限(LOQ)评估了该方法的准确性. 实验结果表明, 该方法能以“数学分离”代替繁琐的“物理和化学分离”, 成功地解决实际复杂体系中内源干扰物质与分析物光谱重叠所引起的难分辨的问题, 可用于人体液中CPT11和SN38含量的直接快速定量测定.     

Asymmetric polymerization using C1 resources

Two examples of asymmetric alternating copolymerization, (1) the alternating copolymerization of α‐olefins (monosubstituted ethenes) with carbon monoxide and (2) the alternating copolymerization of meso‐epoxide with carbon dioxide, are described, and the meaning of chirality in polymer synthesis is emphasized. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 215–221, 2004     

Alternating-current electrolysis for the production of phenol from benzene

Works both ways: phenol was produced by both anodic and cathodic benzene oxidations over the V(x)O(y)-Sn(0.9)In(0.1)P(2)O(7) electrode in an electrochemical cell, thus allowing the use of AC electrolysis for phenol production. AC electrolysis was found to be more efficient and selective toward phenol production than DC electrolysis.     

Alternating copolymers consisting of arylalkyl methacrylates. I. Fluorescence properties of poly(arylalkyl methacrylate-alt-styrene) in organic solution

Alternating and random copolymers of 9-phenanthrylmethyl methacrylate or 2-(9-carbazolyl)ethyl methacrylate with styrene were synthesized and their fluorescence properties were examined. There was no noticeable difference in the spectral features of the alternating and random copolymers in tetrahydrofuran (THF), demonstrating that this type of polymers have no quenching sites in the polymer chains. The fluorescence quenching studies indicated that the alternating copolymers permitted singlet-state energy migration as efficiently as the corresponding random copolymers but less efficiently than the random copolymers with higher chromophore contents. These results strongly suggest that to be chromophores close to each other is most important for facilitation of an intramolecular energy migration. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

马来酸酐与乙酸乙烯酯交替共聚合反应的研究

本文研究了马来酸酐（MAn）在过氧化苯甲酰（BP）引发作用下与醋酸乙烯酯（VAc）的交替共聚反应。红外光谱证明了交替共聚物的结构，分析结果表明共聚物是由反应单体技1：1摩尔比例组成。当c（BPO）＝6．8×10~（－3）moi／L，c（VAc）＝3．4×10~（－3）mol／L，p（MAn）＝32．7g／L，63～65℃反应18小时，转化率可达92％以上。     

交替三线性分解算法与反相高效液相-二极管阵列检测方法相结合同时测定苯二酚的位置异构体

 利用交替三线性分解算法与反相高效液相 二极管阵列检测 (RP HPLC DAD)相结合 ,在洗脱时间为1 0 86min～ 1 399min(间隔 1 / 1 50min)、紫外吸收波长为 2 68nm～ 2 98nm(间隔 1nm)时对苯二酚位置异构体的重叠及光谱体系进行了分辨研究。分辨结果与实际结果一致。同时测定了水溶液中共存的邻苯二酚、间苯二酚和对苯二酚的含量 ,回收率分别为 (1 0 0 1± 1 0 ) % ,(99 4± 1 4) % ,(1 0 0 5± 1 7) %。研究结果表明 :该方法定量快速准确 ,实验操作步骤简单 ,解决了在干扰物存在条件下三者很难同时分辨的问题。     

Complexation of Hg2+ with α‐Lipoic and Dihydrolipoic Acids: Study by Differential Pulse Voltammetry on Rotating Au‐Disk Electrode and ESI‐MS

The complexation of the natural antioxidants α‐lipoic acid (ALA) and its reduced form dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) with Hg²⁺ was investigated by a recently proposed differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) method using the rotating Au‐disk electrode. Complexation processes are proposed from the multivariate curve resolution by alternating least squares (MCR‐ALS) analysis of DPV titration data. Main complexes were both 1 : 1 Hg : ALA and Hg : DHLA, although the formation of 1 : 2 complexes can be also deduced. ALA and DHLA show different Hg²⁺‐binding patterns at different pH. Voltammetric findings are completed with the data obtained by electrospray ionization mass‐spectrometry (ESI‐MS), especially in negative mode.     

Photoinitiated alternating copolymerization of dialkyl maleates and fumarates with vinyl ethers

A systematic study of the free radical photoinitiated alternating crosslinking copolymerizations of dialkyl maleates and furmarates with multifunctional vinyl ethers was carried out. The photocopolymerizations were fast and highly efficient when carried out using a variety of α‐cleavage photoinitiators. The effects of the structures of the both the unsaturated esters and the vinyl ether monomers were examined. Dialkyl maleates were observed to be more reactive than the corresponding fumarate esters. The photopolymerization rates of several of these comonomer pairs were compared with standard diacrylate and dimethacrylate monomers. A range of different physical properties can be obtained by varying the length of the alkyl chain on alcohol portion of the unsaturated ester monomer. Prospects for the use of these comonomer systems in UV curable coatings, adhesives, printing inks, and composites are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010