Fabrication of Spot Size Converters for Optical Chemical Sensors by Distributed-Field-Assisted Ion-Exchange

We propose a new method for fabricating optical waveguides with nonuniform thickness by controlling the electrical field distribution during the field-assisted ion-exchange. We refer to this method as distributed-fild-assisted ion-exchange. The distribution of the intensity of the electrical field was simulated for different electrode configurations, and was compared with experimental diffusion depth distribution of K⁺—Na⁺ exchange in sodalime slide glass. A unique bath was designed for the distributed-field-assisted ion-exchange. Using a three-electrode configuration, we obtained, for instance, a 2 cm-long spot size converter with thickness changes of from 12 μm to 2 μm. This technique can be used to fabricate waveguides for optical chemical sensors.On leave from State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 100080.     

真空紫外/可见光纳秒条纹相机的研制

ZNT-500K真空紫外/可见光纳秒条纹相机已研制成功,在研制过程中,研制了新型变象管,较好地解决了MgF²晶体和科伐材料的高真空封接,合理地确定了导电基底的材料和厚度,使光谱响应和透过率都满足要求;合理地确定扫描电路和电路参数,使该相机具有了光谱响应范围宽和扫描时间范围宽两大特点。     

斜坡补偿电流模式控制开关变换器的动力学建模与分析

降压型、升压型和升压-降压型DC-DC变换器是应用广泛的基本开关DC-DC变换器.电流模式控制开关DC-DC变换器在较宽的电路参数范围内具有两个边界,基于开关切换前后电感电流的上升和下降斜率,建立了斜坡补偿电流模式控制开关DC-DC变换器的统一模型.该模型进行无量纲归一化处理后只有三个参数,可有效展示开关DC-DC变换器在电感电流连续传导模式(CCM)和电感电流不连续传导模式(DCM)时的动力学特性.利用此模型,导出了轨道状态发生转移时的两个分界线方程,由此确定了开关DC-DC变换器的稳定周期1域、CCM鲁棒混沌域和DCM弱混沌强阵发域三个工作状态区域.开关DC-DC变换器二维参数映射图和电流模式控制降压型DC-DC变换器的电路实验观察验证了由两条分界线划分工作状态域的正确性.     

Attosecond‐precision ultrafast photonics

We review our recent progress toward attosecond‐precision ultrafast photonics based on ultra‐low timing jitter optical pulse trains from mode‐locked lasers. In femtosecond mode‐locked lasers, the concentration of a large number of photons in an extremely short pulse duration enables the scaling of timing jitter into the attosecond regime. To characterize such jitter levels, we developed new attosecond‐resolution measurement techniques and show that standard fiber lasers can achieve sub‐fs high‐frequency jitter. By leveraging the ultra‐low jitter of free‐running mode‐locked lasers, we pursued high‐precision optical‐optical and optical‐microwave synchronization techniques. Optical signals spanning 1.5 octaves were synthesized by attosecond‐precision timing and phase synchronization of two independent mode‐locked lasers. High‐stability microwave signals were also synthesized from mode‐locked lasers with drift‐free sub‐10‐fs precision. We further demonstrated the attosecond‐precision distribution of optical pulse trains to remote locations via timing‐stabilized fiber links. Finally, the application of optical pulse trains for high‐resolution sampling and analog‐to‐digital conversion is discussed.     

激光陀螺读出信号高速采集系统

介绍了激光陀螺（RLG）读出信号高速采集系统的设计和实现方案。该系统包括板卡和相应的应用软件,提供两路最高60MHz采样频率、14位精度的数据采集通道,能够同时对RLG两路光强拍频信号进行高速高精度数据采集,为RLG特性分析提供重要依据。该系统通过上位机软件控制板卡的工作状态、设置和切换采样模式。板卡利用FPGA接收计算机指令并协调控制模数转换器、SDRAM和USB接口芯片,完成RLG输出拍频信号的采集、缓存和传输。FP—GA设计中结合了硬件逻辑高速灵活的优点和NIOSⅡ软核处理器在控制方面的优势。SDRAM完成海量数据缓存,USB接口芯片工作在SlaveFIFO模式下,实现板卡与计算机的通信。实验证明该系统工作稳定,在RLG测试和性能分析中具有很好的实用性。     

Fast and slow light generated simultaneously for up-down-link frequency converter applications

We firstly propose a new system for simultaneous fast and slow light generation using a soliton pulse propagating within the nonlinear micro-ring resonators. The nonlinear Kerr effect induces the spreading frequency bands within the micro-ring device, where the chaotic filtering characteristics can be employed using the appropriate micro-ring parameters. Results obtained have shown that the wide spreading of frequency bands can be generated and selected to form the optical wireless communication links. In this work, the selected down-link and up-link frequency bands are 500 MHz and 2 GHz, respectively. The proposed system can be implemented within the mobile telephone hand set, where the two different frequency carriers within the same frequency bands can be selected to form the up-down-link converters, which means that the frequency converter can be performed within a single system.     

X波段过模弯曲圆波导TM01-HE11模式变换器研究

在波束波导和反射面天线的馈源应用中, 为了产生低副瓣且方向图等化的高斯波束, 需要将高功率微波转换为准高斯模HE₁₁模辐射. 本文利用弯曲圆波导可同时从TM₀₁模产生TE₁₁模和TM₁₁模的原理, 提出了采用双弯曲过模圆波导结构直接将TM₀₁转换为HE₁₁的模式变换器, 避免了常规微波领域中首先将TM₀₁转换为TE₁₁再用波纹式或半径渐变式TE₁₁-HE₁₁转换器转换为准高斯波束功率容量不足或尺寸过长的不足. 基于模式耦合理论和Taguchi优化算法对模式变换器的弯曲半径、相移直端长度及引入位置进行了优化, 使输出的TE₁₁和TM₁₁成一定比率, 以组成HE₁₁模式, 并对设计的模式变换器进行了全电磁波仿真分析, 结果表明输出波束的标量高斯含量在9.05–9.8 GHz范围内均高于99%, 理论功率容量可达4.5 GW. 关键词： 高功率微波 模式耦合理论 Taguchi优化算法 模式变换器     

The chemical etching of fission fragment tracks in natural fluorite

An experimental study of the mechanism for chemical etching of fission fragment tracks in the natural mineral fluorite is described. A systematic search showed that a 3:1 mixture by volume of sulphuric to hydrochloric acids was a most appropriate etchant. Experiments directed at determining the etching efficiency as a function of solvent temperature are also discussed. The preferential track etch ratioVt/Vg, the track length and the track density all depend upon the time and temperature of annealing.

It is variations of the fission track density in fluorite, with etching time and annealing temperature, which make possible an overall geophysical interpretation of annealing data for the mineral in terms of the paleoisotherm of its intrinsic fission track clock.

An interactive image analysis system INTIMAN, assembled for the swift and automatic readout of fission fragment track measurements, in both crystalline and non-crystalline materials, is described. Normal procedures for measuring and analyzing tracks are outlined.     

An alternative technique for solving a coupled PDE system in interphase heat transfer

Recently an accelerated iterative procedure was studied for solving a coupled partial differential equation system in interphase heat transfer to improve some existing iterative procedures in the literature. In that procedure, at each step of the iteration one has to evaluate the derivative of a well-known function at a new point. In this paper, an alternative approach is proposed in which one has to evaluate the derivative only once throughout the procedure. The proposed new iterative scheme also has the same order of convergence and takes lesser number of iterations for certain benchmark problems. An interesting theoretical study on the monotone convergence as well as error estimate of the proposed iterative procedure are provided for continuous as well as discretized problems. The proposed iterative procedure also supplements the existence and uniqueness of the solution in both the cases. A comparative numerical study is also done to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed scheme.     

Hybrid fluorescent polymer-zinc oxide nanoparticles: Improved efficiency for luminescence conversion LED

An incorporation of few weight percentage of n-type zinc oxide (ZnO) on the surface of yellow-emitting fluorescent polymer under mild conditions was demonstrated. Here, a deep level emissive ZnO was selectively deposited on the surface of fluorescent polymer via a simple chemical deposition bath method, at relatively low temperature. The polymer-zinc oxide hybrids, consisting of uniform nanosized spherical fluorescent polymer, having mean diameter ca. ∼500-700 nm were subjected as core molecules capped with different weight ratio of ZnO on the surfaces were prepared successfully. The relative photoluminescence emission efficiency was drastically enhanced as two-fold with just 4 wt% of ZnO incorporation and also more than 10-fold improvement in 50 wt% of ZnO content with respect to pure fluorescent polymer. Bright and efficient white light-emitting devices have been fabricated with these hybrid materials, such as luminescence converter light-emitting diodes (LUCO LEDs), using commercially available GaN LED (460 nm), as a primary pumping source. A device containing 20 wt% of ZnO incorporated hybrid material (2 wt%) exhibits nearly pure white light, having Commission Internationale de I’Eclairage coordinates of (0.30, 0.36) and total luminous flux of 1.80 lm, at an operating voltage of 20 mA. The lifetime measurement data of fabricated device containing polymer-ZnO hybrid materials showed significant improvements over the pure counterpart, due to the “caging effect” of the ZnO shell, which can reduce the self-quenching of the polymer molecules in the core.