Segregation of Sn in the binary CuSn and ternary CuSnSb alloy systems

Progression studies have been followed from Cu(111)‐ and Cu(100)Sn binaries to Cu(111)‐ and Cu(100)SnSb ternary‐alloy systems under the same experimental conditions. The segregation behaviour of Sn in the two orientations are explained. It is found that the kinetic segregation profiles of Sn in the ternary alloys shift to lower temperatures as compared to that in the binary. The Sn profile shift is mainly due to the decrease in the activation energy of Sn in the ternary systems. For a particular Cu orientation, the other segregation parameters that the Sn profiles depend on, like the pre‐exponential factor, segregation energy and the interaction coefficient, are found to be the same in the two systems. There is also a change in the equilibrium segregation profiles of Sn. In the ternary system, site competition between Sn and Sb causes the Sn to suffer exponential desegregation and eventual displacement from the surface. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

微量稀土对超导稳定化基体铜材的性能和组织的影响

研究了微量稀土元素对铜的机械性能、导电性和组织的影响，在铜中加入微量钇、钕、镝、铒和富铈混合稀土后，使铜的抗拉强度有所提高，并保持良好的塑性和导电性。     

从氨性柠檬酸溶液中电沉积Ni-Mo的机理研究

含钼大于约27％（质量分数）Ni－Mo合金，具有较高的耐蚀性，特别是在盐酸和硫酸溶液中，其耐蚀性优于SUS304不锈钢［1］．因此，人们对该种合金的电沉积进行了广泛的研究［1－4］．对合金共沉积机理也作了一定的研究．一般认为，钼不能单独进行电沉积，但它可以同铁族元素共沉积［5］．对钼与铁族元素的共沉积机理，人们已提出了几种假设．一般认为［3］，钼可能是多步还原，即六价钼首先被电化学还原成低价钼化合物，而后由吸附在诱导金属（铁族元素）上的原子氢进一步还原成合金中的零价钼，为了进一步弄清Ni－Mo合金的共沉积机理，本…     

Investigation of hydrogen embrittlement of Sn–Al alloy during contact with water vapour

The humid air induced processes of embrittlement of the Sn–Al alloy and hydrogen emission have been investigated. Using the secondary-ion mass spectrometry, X-ray, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry techniques it was found that the brittleness is caused by a failure of phase adhesion due to accumulation of hydrogen and formation of oxidized layers on phase boundaries during contact of the alloy with water vapour. Specific physical and electrochemical properties of the Sn/Al phase boundary satisfy conditions for the formation of atomic hydrogen and its reaction with Sn. Electrochemical corrosion plays an important role at the stage of formation of atomic hydrogen. The penetration of hydrogen and its accumulation in the bulk of the alloy is due to the high energy of the phase boundary and the low energy of formation of unstable tin hydride. Electronic Publication     

Characteristics of Subtractive Anodic Stripping Voltammetry of Lead,Cadmium and Thallium at Silver‐Gold Alloy Electrodes

Silver‐gold alloy electrodes have been studied for the purpose of the quantitative determination of heavy metals by subtractive anodic stripping voltammetry, (SASV). The results have been compared with those obtained with the silver and gold electrodes. The 50/50 a/o Ag/Au alloy electrode is the most suitable for quantifying thallium in the presence of lead and cadmium. The separation of its peak from those of lead and cadmium is 200 mV, which is about twice the separation obtained on the pure metal electrodes and is also better than on mercury. The silver electrode is suitable for the simultaneous determination of thallium, lead and cadmium. The peaks of lead and cadmium overlap on the 50/50 alloy. Pure silver or pure gold can be used for simultaneous quantification of these two metals. The use of gold for quantifying lead and cadmium is more limited because the peak potential of cadmium is shifted in the negative direction as its concentration increases and at [Cd²⁺]>200 nM, the two peaks merge. SASV enables correction for background currents and is of utmost importance for obtaining well‐defined peaks. The peaks of lead, cadmium and thallium appear over a relatively narrow potential range (ca. 200 mV) on all the electrodes presented in this work. For this reason, the quantifying of a peak is based on the derivative at the inflection point of only one of its branches (ascending or descending). All SASV measurements were carried out without removal of oxygen.     

Performance of Pt/SnO2 catalyst in the gas phase hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde

Selective hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde was performed on 5% Pt/SnO₂ catalysts, in gaseous phase, at atmospheric pressure, at 353 K. Two types of catalyst were prepared using H₂PtCl₆ and Pt(NH₃)₄(NO₃)₂ as metallic precursors. Their performances were compared as a function of the reduction temperature and both catalysts were characterised by X-ray diffraction after different reduction treatments. Using the ex-chloride catalyst, the selectivity values to the unsaturated alcohol (UOL) resulted into a maximum of 45% while a selectivity as high as 70–77%, in 0–25% conversion range, was achieved by using ex-nitrate catalyst reduced at 443 K. The formation of Pt–Sn alloy on the metal particles of platinum was thought to be necessary to improve the activity and the selectivity on these catalysts. In the contrast, a presence of PtSn₂ formed at a reduction temperature higher than 473 K led to a decrease of activity and selectivity.     

Preparation of nanometer FeCuP alloy and its application in decomposition of PH3

A new ternary Fe-based alloy catalyst FeCuP applied to decompose PH_3 was prepared with low-cost material by chemical reduction deposition method.The properties of it were characterized by XRD,ICP and SEM.Its catalytic activity on the decomposition of PH_3 and the decomposition conditions were studied.FeCuP alloy exhibits high thermal stabilities and high catalytic activity.Using it as catalyst,the decomposition temperature of phosphine decreases from over 800℃to 400-500℃.The decomposition rate of phosphine achieved 100%.     

Electrodeposition of a cobalt-molybdenum alloy from an ammonia-citrate electrolyte

Kinetics of processes of electrochemical production of a cobalt-molybdenum alloy out of an ammonia-citrate electrolyte is studied. The electrolyte’s composition is similar to that used for depositing a nickel-molybdenum alloy. It is established that the cobalt-molybdenum alloy undergoes deposition at smaller values of pH (5.0–6.0) than the nickel-molybdenum alloy (7.0–9.0). The current efficiency for the cobalt-molybdenum alloy is substantially dependent on the electrolyte pH, whereas the chemical composition of the obtained deposits is practically independent of the electrolyte pH in the pH interval 5.0–8.0 at current densities of 0.025 to 0.100 A cm^?2. On the other hand, a change in the electrolyte pH produces a considerable effect on the morphology of the obtained deposits. At large values of pH (pH 8.0), one can obtain a powder-like deposit of the cobalt-molybdenum alloy with a small value of the current efficiency. The deposits that are obtained in the pH region 5.0–6.0 have some cracks, with the number of cracks increasing with the electrolyte pH.     

高砷低金银的铅阳极泥中银的冶炼

本文报导了将纯碱加入砷含量高的铅阳极泥熔炼成贵铅，用硝酸溶解，硫氰酸盐沉淀，再用锌粉还原得银的方法。从而避免砒霜挥发。     

离子交换树脂负载Ni—B无定形合金催化剂的制备与性能

制备了一种新型离子交换树脂负载的Ｎｉ－Ｂ无定形合金催化剂．用３种树脂作为催化剂载体，即弱酸型阳离子树脂Ｄ１５２，强酸型阳离子树脂Ｄ７２及强碱型阴离子树脂Ｄ２６１．用ＸＰＳ、ＴＥＭ和ＩＣＰ等技术对催化剂进行了表征．结果表明，催化剂上镍与带有功能基的载体树脂之间有着很强的相互作用，但其强度与所带的功能基有关．３种催化剂Ｎｉ２ｐ３／２的ＸＰＳ谱图上，ＮｉＢ／Ｄ１５２催化剂的氧化态峰最小，而ＮｉＢ／Ｄ２６１的氧化态峰最大．异丙醇脱氢反应活性实验证实了这一结果．