Structural and lithium intercalation studies of Mn(0.5−x)CaxTi2(PO4)3 phases (0≤x≤0.50)

Materials from the Mn_(0.5−x)Ca_xTi₂(PO₄)₃ (0≤x≤0.50) solid solution were obtained by solid-state reaction in air at 1000 °C. Selected compositions were investigated by powder X-ray diffraction analysis, ³¹P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and electrochemical lithium intercalation. The structure of all samples determined by Rietveld analysis is of the Nasicon type with the R space group. Mn²⁺/Ca²⁺ ions occupy only the M1 sites in the Ti₂(PO₄)₃ framework. The divalent cations are ordered in one of two M1 sites, except for the Mn_0.50Ti₂(PO₄)₃ phase, where a small departure from the ideal order is observed by XRD and ³¹P MAS NMR. The electrochemical behaviour of Mn_0.50Ti₂(PO₄)₃ and Mn_(0.5−x)Ca_xTi₂(PO₄)₃ phases was characterised in Li cells. Two Li ions can be inserted without altering the Ti₂(PO₄)₃ framework. In the 0≤y≤2 range, the OCV curves of Li//Li_yMn_0.50Ti₂(PO₄)₃ cells show two main potential plateaus at 2.90 and 2.50–2.30 V. Comparison between the OCV curves of Li//Li_(1+y)Ti₂(PO₄)₃ and Li//Li_yMn_0.50Ti₂(PO₄)₃ shows that the intercalation occurs first in the unoccupied M1 site of Mn_0.50Ti₂(PO₄)₃ at 2.90 V and then, for compositions y>0.50, at the M2 site (2.50–2.30 V voltage range). The effect of calcium substitution in Mn_0.50Ti₂(PO₄)₃ on the lithium intercalation is also discussed from a structural and kinetic viewpoint. In all systems, the lithium intercalation is associated with a redistribution of the divalent cation over all M1 sites. In the case of Mn_0.50Ti₂(PO₄)₃, the stability of Mn²⁺ either in an octahedral or tetrahedral environment facilitates cationic migration.     

枸橼酸莫沙必利的合成

分别以邻羟基对氨基苯甲醇钠，对氟苯甲醛，邻苯二甲酰亚胺为起始原料，制得3个中间体，用其中2个中间体经偶合，环化后与第3个中间体反应，再经成盐制得产品，其摩尔总收率为31．5％。     

Extended non-abelian gauge symmetries in the classical WZNW model

Higher spin extensions of the non-Abelian gauge symmetries for the classical WZNW model are considered. Both linear and nonlinear realizations of the extended affine Kac-Moody algebra are obtained. It is a characteristic property of the WZNW model that it admits a higher spin linear realization of the extended affine Kac-Moody algebra which is equivalent to the corresponding higher spin nonlinear realization of the same algebra. However, in both cases, the higher spin Noether currents do not span an invariant space with respect to their generating transformations. Here, the current space is extended to an invariant space which allows us to gauge the symmetry.Supported by Bulgarian Foundation on Fundamental Research under contract Ph-318/93-95.     

Vibrational spectra of (NH4)3ZnCl5

IR and Raman spectra of (NH₄)₃ZnCl₅ have been recorded. The observed spectra have been analysed on the basis of the vibrations of ZnCl ₄ ²⁻ and NH ₄ ⁺ ions. The appearance of multiple Raman bands indicates the presence of two different types of ammonium ions. The effect of anisotropic crystalline field over the ZnCl₄ and NH₄ tetrahedra is also discussed. The assignment of internal modes has been verified by the potential energy distribution calculations.     

Existence of 3D-Vortices in Abelian Gauge Theories

We consider the Abelian gauge theory related to the interaction between the solitary waves of the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation and the electromagnetic field. We analyze the existence of electromagnetostatic solutions and, in particular, of vortices. Dedicated to the memory of Professor Aldo Cossu     

闪烁体荧光传输特性对ETOF探测器性能的影响

为了对BESⅢ端盖飞行时间探测器(ETOF)的测试结果给出合理的解释, 采用Monte Carlo模拟软件包Geant4, 对该探测器测量高能带电粒子的性能进行模拟研究. 详细探讨了当粒子击中ETOF模块不同位置时, 其闪烁体荧光传输特性与探测器模块输出信号之间的关联, 以及PMT输出信号甄别阈值的选取对闪烁探测器本征时间分辨的影响, 并寻找可能的改善时间分辨的方法. 为进一步提高ETOF的性能提供参考.     

对氰基苯甲酸乙酯的新合成方法

本文报道合成对氰基苯甲酸乙酯的新方法，并对产物进行元素分析及IR谱确证。     

Reaction of pentafluorobenzoylpyruvic acid with amines

Reactions of pentafluorobenzoylpyruvic acid with amines afford the respective enamines. The intramolecular cyclization of the latter results inN-substituted 4-quinolone-2-carboxylic acids. Ammonia and triethylamine favor the cyclization of pentafluorobenzoylpyruvic acid to 2-carboxychromone.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2, pp. 299–302, February, 1994.     

Synthesis of functional polymers—Vinylidene fluoride based fluorinated copolymers and terpolymers bearing bromoaromatic side‐group

The radical co‐ and terpolymerization of 4‐[(α,β,β‐trifluorovinyl)oxy]bromo benzene (TFVOBB) with 1,1‐difluoroethylene (or vinylidene fluoride, VDF, or VF₂), hexafluoropropene (HFP), perfluoromethyl vinyl ether (PMVE), and chlorotrifluroroethylene (CTFE) is presented. Although TFVOBB could be thermocyclodimerized, it could not homopolymerize under radical initiation. TFVOBB could be copolymerized in solution under a radical initiator with VDF or CTFE comonomers, while its copolymerization with HFP or PMVE were unsuccessful. The terpolymerization of TFVOBB with VDF and HFP, or VDF and PMVE, or VDF and CTFE also led to original fluorinated terpolymers bearing bromoaromatic side‐groups. The conditions of co‐ and terpolymerization were optimized in terms of the nature of the radical initiators, and of the nature of solvents (fluorinated or nonhalogenated). Various monomer concentrations in the co‐ and terpolymers were assessed by ¹⁹F and ¹H‐NMR spectroscopy. The thermal and physico chemical properties were also studied. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 5077–5097, 2004