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991.
使用熵束宽、渐近分析和环围功率法对截断平顶高斯光束的束腰宽度w、远场发散角θ0和M2因子作了比较研究.结果表明:按不同束宽定义得到的截断平顶高斯光束的w、θ0和M2因子不同,且与截断参量a/w0(a为光阑半宽度,w0为平顶高斯光束初始束腰宽度)有关.随a/w0的增加,三种方法计算得到的w、θ0和M2都分别趋于某常量.  相似文献   
992.
Opinion compromise models can give insight into how groups of individuals may either come to form consensus or clusters of opinion groups, corresponding to parties. We consider models where randomly selected individuals interact pairwise. If the opinions of the interacting agents are not within a certain confidence threshold, the agents retain their own point of view. Otherwise, they constructively dialogue and smooth their opinions. Persuasible agents are inclined to compromise with interacting individuals. Stubborn individuals slightly modify their opinion during the interaction. Collective states for persuasible societies include extremist minorities, which instead decline in stubborn societies. We derive a mean field approximation for the compromise model in stubborn populations. Bifurcation and clustering analysis of this model compares favorably with Monte Carlo analysis found in the literature.  相似文献   
993.
We have investigated the spectral density of shot noise for the system of a quantum dot (QD) coupled to two single-wall carbon nanotube terminals irradiated with a microwave field on the QD. The terminal features are involved in the shot noise through modifying the self-energy of QD. The contributions of carbon nanotube terminals to the shot noise exhibit obvious behaviors. The novel side peaks are associated with the photon absorption and emission procedure accompanying the suppression of shot noise. The shot noise in balanced absorption belongs to sub-Poissonian, and it is symmetric with respect to the gate voltage. The differential shot noise displays intimate relation with the nature of carbon nanotubes and the applied microwave field. It exhibits asymmetric behavior for the unbalanced absorption case versus gate voltage. The Fano factor of the system exhibits the deviation of shot noise from the Schottky formula, and the structures of terminals obviously contribute to it. The super-Poissonian and sub-Poissonian shot noise can be achieved in the unbalanced absorption in different regime of source-drain bias.  相似文献   
994.
A Cooper pair from a s-wave superconductor (S) entering a conventional charge density wave (CDW) below the Peierls gap dephases on the Fermi wavelength while one particle states are localized on the CDW coherence length ξCDW. It is thus practically impossible to observe a Josephson current through a CDW. The paths following different sequences of impurities interfere destructively, due to the different electron and hole densities in the CDW. The same conclusion holds for averaging over the conduction channels in the ballistic system. We apply two microscopic approaches to this phenomenon: (i) a Blonder, Tinkham, Klapwijk (BTK) approach for a single highly transparent S-CDW interface; and (ii) the Hamiltonian approach for the Josephson effect in a clean CDW and a CDW with non magnetic disorder. The Josephson effect through a spin density wave (SDW) is limited by the coherence length ξSDW, not by the Fermi wave-length. A Josephson current through a SDW might be observed in a structure with contacts on a SDW separated by a distance ξSDW.  相似文献   
995.
We report results of susceptibility χ and 7Li NMR measurements on LiVSi2O6. The temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility χ(T) exhibits a broad maximum, typical for low-dimensional magnetic systems. Quantitatively it is in agreement with the expectation for an S=1 spin chain, represented by the structural arrangement of V ions. The NMR results indicate antiferromagnetic ordering below TN=24 K. The intra- and interchain coupling J and Jp for LiVSi2O6, and also for its sister compounds LiVGe2O6, NaVSi2O6 and NaVGe2O6, are obtained via a modified random phase approximation which takes into account results of quantum Monte Carlo calculations. While Jp is almost constant across the series, J varies by a factor of 5, decreasing with increasing lattice constant along the chain direction. The comparison between experimental and theoretical susceptibility data suggests the presence of an easy-axis magnetic anisotropy, which explains the formation of an energy gap in the magnetic excitation spectrum below TN, indicated by the variation of the NMR spin-lattice relaxation rate at T≪TN.  相似文献   
996.
Social networks in communities, markets, and societies self-organise through the interactions of many individuals. In this paper we use a well-known mechanism of social interactions — the balance of sentiment in triadic relations — to describe the development of social networks. Our model contrasts with many existing network models, in that people not only establish but also break up relations whilst the network evolves. The procedure generates several interesting network features such as a variety of degree distributions and degree correlations. The resulting network converges under certain conditions to a steady critical state where temporal disruptions in triangles follow a power-law distribution.  相似文献   
997.
The β decay of the very neutron-deficient isotope 101Sn was studied at the GSI on-line mass separator using silicon detectors for recording charged particles and germanium detectors for γ-ray spectroscopy. Based on the β-delayed proton data the production cross-section of 101Sn in the 50Cr + 58Ni fusion-evaporation reaction was determined to be about 60nb. The half-life of 101Sn was measured to be 1.9(3)s. For the first time β-delayed γ-rays of 101Sn were tentatively identified, yielding weak evidence for a cascade of 352 and 1065keV transitions in 101In. The results for the 101Sn decay as well as those from previous work on the 103Sn decay are discussed by comparing them to predictions obtained from shell model calculations employing a new interaction in the 88Sr to 132Sn model space.  相似文献   
998.
The incommensurate composite systems M14Cu24O41 (M = Ca, Sr, La) are based on two fundamental structural units: CuO2 chains and Cu2O3 ladders. We present electronic structure calculations within density functional theory in order to address the interrelations between chains and ladders. The calculations account for the details of the crystal structure by means of a unit cell comprising 10 chain and 7 ladder units. It turns out that chains and ladders can be treated independently, which allows us to introduce a model system based on a reduced unit cell. For the CuO2 chains, we find two characteristic bands at the Fermi energy. Tight binding fits yield nearest and next-nearest neighbour interactions of the same order of magnitude.  相似文献   
999.
杨涓  朱冰  毛根旺  许映乔  刘俊平 《物理学报》2007,56(12):7120-7126
在真空环境中,利用空间反射电磁波测量装置,开展微波等离子体喷流对垂直和水平极化电磁波衰减的实验研究,分析不同极化电磁波在等离子体中衰减的影响因素.实验结果表明:以氩气为工质,真空室中微波等离子体喷流对垂直和水平极化电磁波具有显著的吸收效应.发生器流量、功率以及实验真空度对垂直极化电磁波在等离子体中的衰减影响明显.真空度和发生器功率对水平极化电磁波没有显著影响. 关键词: 等离子体中的电磁波 等离子体基本性质 电磁波  相似文献   
1000.
To study the screening effect of nuclear reactions in metallic environments, the thick target yields, the cross sections and the experimental S(E) factors of the D(d,p)T reaction have been measured on deuterons implanted in Sm metal at 133.2K for beam energies ranging from 10 to 20keV. The thick target yields of protons emitted in the D(d,p) T reaction are measured and compared with those data extrapolated from cross sections and stopping power data at higher energies. The screening potential in Sm metal at 133.2K is deduced tobe 520±56eV. As compared with the value achieved in the gas target, thecalculated screening potential values are much larger. This screening potential cannot be simply interpreted only by the electron screening. Energy dependences of the cross section σ(E) and the experimental S(E) factor for D(d,p)T reaction in Sm metal at 133.2K are obtained, respectively.  相似文献   
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