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81.
With the rapid development of human society, clean energy forms are imperative to sustain the normal operations of various mechanical and electrical facilities under a cozy environment. Hydrogen is considered among the most promising clean energy sources for the future. Recently, electrochemical water splitting has been considered as one of the most efficient approaches to harvest hydrogen energy, which generates only non-pollutant water on combustion. However, the sluggish anodic oxygen evolution reaction significantly restricts the efficiency of water splitting and requires a relatively high cell voltage to drive the electrolysis. Therefore, seeking a thermodynamically favorable anodic reaction to replace the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction by utilizing highly active bifunctional electrocatalysts for the anodic reaction and hydrogen evolution are crucial for achieving energy-efficient hydrogen production for industrial applications. Nevertheless, it is known that the oxygen evolution reaction can be replaced with other useful and thermodynamically favorable reactions to reduce the electrolysis voltage for realizing energy-efficient hydrogen production. Therefore, in this study, we present a bifunctional nickel nanoparticle-embedded carbon (Ni@C) prism-like microrod electrocatalyst synthesized via a two-step method involving the synthesis of a precursor metal-organic framework-74 and subsequent carbonization treatment for methanol oxidation and hydrogen evolution. The interfacial structure consisting of a nickel and carbon skeleton was realized via in situ carbonization. However, the dispersed nickel nanoparticles do not easily aggregate owing to the partition by the surrounding carbon as it would sufficiently expose the active Ni sites to the electrolytes, ensuring fast charge transfer between the catalyst and electrolytes by accelerating the electrochemical kinetics. In the anodic methanol oxidation, the products were detected as carbon dioxide and formate with faradaic efficiencies of 36.2% and 62.5%, respectively, at an applied potential of 1.55 V. Meanwhile, the Ni@C microrod catalyst demonstrated high activity and durability (2.7% current decay after 12 h of continuous operation) toward methanol oxidation, which demonstrates that methanol oxidation precedes oxidation under voltage forces. Notably, the bifunctional catalyst not only exhibits excellent performance toward methanol oxidation but also yields a low overpotential of 155 mV to drive 10 mA∙cm−2 toward hydrogen evolution in 1.0 mol∙L−1 KOH aqueous solution with 0.5 mol∙L−1 methanol at room temperature, which guarantees the hydrogen production efficiency. More importantly, the constructed two-electrode electrolyzer produced a current density of 10 mA∙cm−2 at a low cell voltage of 1.6 V, which decreased by 240 mV after replacing the oxygen evolution reaction with methanol oxidation. 相似文献
82.
Characterization of Nested Hollow Inorganic Fullerene-like Tungsten Disulfide Nanoparticles Prepared by Solid-Gas Reaction 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Non-carbon inorganic fullerene-like(IF) nanoscale materials have recently attracted intense interest due to their nested hollow and nanotube structures,In this letter,IF-WS2 nanoparticles prepared by solid-gas reaction were characterized by X-ray diffraction,Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.The results show that the IF-WS2 nanoparticles have a nested hollow closed spherical structure with diameter of 100-150mm. 相似文献
83.
Synthesis of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Particles by Suspension Polymerization in Silicon Oil 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Xiao Bing WANG Zhao Hui ZHENG Xiao Bin DING Xu CHENG Xin Hua HU Yu Xing PENG 《中国化学快报》2006,17(9):1243-1246
Molecular imprinting is a method to prepare polymers with recognition site of desired and predetermined selectivity1. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) are prepared by copolymerizing functional and cross-linking monomers in the presence of a molecular … 相似文献
84.
85.
炉前煤低温干馏工艺中的挥发分除尘 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
为了寻求优化的炉前煤低温干馏工艺中的挥发分除尘方案,在使用400目金属滤网对间歇式粉煤固体热载体热解装置挥发分除尘研究的基础上,将颗粒床过滤器用于该过程的除尘研究。热态除尘实验表明,颗粒床的使用有效地降低了滤网的过滤负荷。选用2mm石英砂和φ5mm×2mm瓷环作为滤料,通过对比实验发现,两种滤料除尘效率均在90%以上;随着过滤操作的进行,由于颗粒床内粉尘的沉积使其过滤效率有所提高,而对气、液收率的影响很小。结果表明,颗粒床与滤网结合可作为粉煤炉前低温干馏工艺中可供选择的挥发分除尘方案。 相似文献
86.
Titanium-doped ordered mesoporous alumina with specific structural properties has been prepared by the evaporation induced self-assembly sol-gel method. The results show that the doped titanium helps to stabilize the ordered mesoporous alumina material without influencing the ordered mesoporosity. The textural properties of the obtained sample are related to the amount of doped titanium. When the molar ratio of aluminum to titanium(n(Al)/n(Ti)) is controlled as 10.2, the titanium-doped ordered mesoporous alumina exhibits high surface area(up to 218 m2 g-1), large pore volume(0.42 cm3 g-1) and narrow pore diameter(6.1 nm) after treating at 900 ℃, showing high thermal stability. Moreover, the obtained sample calcined at 900 ℃ still maintains ordered mesoporous structure and exhibits high thermal stability. 相似文献
87.
88.
在气相燃烧合成纳米颗粒过程中,温度分布对化学反应、颗粒的团聚和烧结有重要作用;速度分布对前驱体和颗粒的输运、颗粒的温度经历效应和停留时间有不可忽视的影响。为了研究纳米颗粒在火焰中形成和演变的过程以及化学反应和颗粒运动所依赖的温度分布、速度分布,本文在传统热泳取样的基础上提出了一种新的热泳取样-电镜分析方法。该方法在火焰内部同一测点采用热电偶测温和两次时间间隔不同的热泳取样,通过电子显微镜对样品的颗粒沉积状态进行统计和分析,能够得到火焰的温度分布、流动速度分布、颗粒体积分数和颗粒尺度分布。 相似文献
89.
90.
高温气冷堆是新一代反应堆系统的热门候选堆型,已经受到国际上越来越多的关注。为设计和分析这种堆型,因其特有的包覆颗粒燃料引入了双重非均匀性,需要应用随机分布模型。对粗网格模型、细网格随机(FLS)模型、随机顺序添加(RSA)模型、子网格随机(Sub-FLS)模型和Metropolis模型等进行了研究,通过计算分析比较给出了各种模型的优缺点。结果表明:子网格随机模型和连续的RSA模型非常接近参考值,但是连续RSA模型的建模时间随着燃料体积份额的增加连续快速上升。 Key words: coated particle fuels; stochastic transport model; Monte Carlo; random distribution 相似文献