兰姆（Lamb，Willis Eugene，1913-）美国物理学家（Physicist，America）

波谱学是通过射频或微波电磁场与物质的共振相互作用研究物质性质和结构的学科。频率范围为10^4-10^12 Hz，测量以频率为主。由于射频和微波的能量子比可见光小得多，因而测量精度高，常用来测定原子的磁矩和电四极矩。分子束是高真空中定向运动的分子流，彼此间相互作用很小，因而可以看作孤立的原子和分子的结合，是研究原子和分子性质的有力工具。     

逐步判别分析在城市噪声区域划分中的应用

噪声是城市环境质量的重要指标之一,它给人们带来的影响日益严重,我国于1982年颁布了《城市区域环境噪声标准》(GB3096—82,以下简称国标),噪声区域划分就是为了贯彻国标要求,将城市中各小区划定为某一个噪声适用区域,以便执行国标规定进行噪声的管理与治理,最大限度地保护居民。国标将城市划分为以下各种适用区域:1.居民文教区,要求声级为50分贝以下;2.一类混合区,指一般商业与居民混合区,要求声级为55分贝以下;3.二类混合区,指一般商业、工业、交通与居民混合区,要求声级为60分贝以下;4.工业区,要求声级为65分贝以下,国     

相对论密度泛函法对CN^—在铜和银电极上振动频率的研究

对ＣＮ＾－在铜和银电极上的吸附性质进行了相对论密度泛函簇模型计算。结果表明，电场微扰方法可以描述ＣＮ＾－在铜和银电极上吸附的表面现象，电极势诱导的频率移动被理解为Ｓｔａｒｋ效应所引起。内振动模式Ｍ－ＣＮ和Ｃ－Ｎ的耦合对电位诱导的Ｃ－Ｎ振动频率变化的大小起重要作用，计算所得的由Ｓｔａｒｋ效应所引起Ｃ－Ｎ振动频率变化的斜率和实验结果相符。     

A—H键振动频率规律性的研究

国内外学者对氢化物A—H键振动频率V_(A-H)规律性的研究做了不少工作,取得一些成果。但对其普遍规律性尚缺乏深入系统的研究,大多公式涉及常数或参数较多,就用面窄,准确性差。文献就分子的整体作用探讨了A—H键振动频率的规律性,取得较为满意的结果,但其中又涉及到另一个需要求算的参数电负性,从而影响了用分子内在性质直接反应振动频率V_(A-H)的规律性。     

Self-Mixing Interference in Dual-Polarization Microchip Nd：YAG Lasers

The self-mixing interference in dual-polarization microchip Nd: YA G lasers is demonstrated. Under optical feedback, the orthogonal polarization components of the laser would undergo antiphase intensity modulations; at high feedback level, the polarization switching appears. We also observe that the laser self-mixing sensitivity changes periodically with the frequency difference of orthogonal polarizations. An initial theoretical model is put out and agrees well with the experiments. The results are useful for self-mixing sensitivity enhancement and offer a new way of absolute distance measurement.     

Effect of Magnetic Field and Equilibrium Flow on Rayleigh-Taylor Instability

We investigate the effect of a finite equilibrium flow and magnetic field on the Rayleigh-Taylor instability. It is found that the equilibrium flow only makes a frequency shift of perturbation and the growth rate of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability remains unchanged. However, the magnetic field can change the growth rate and, in particular,a very strong magnetic field suppresses the growth rate.     

An approach to the detection of underwater remote target

An approach to the detection of underwater remote target by estimating its backscattering coefficient is presented. The key to this approach is that the echo signal is represented in state-variable model and the back-scattering coefficients of target are contained in dynamic noise of this model, thus underwater target can be detected by estimating this dynamic noise, i.e., deconvolving this model. When all noise statistics are a priori known, an optimum deconvolution algorithm based on the optimum state filter is derived, or else, an adaptive deconvolution algorithm based on the adaptive state filter of alternatively estimating the vector state and the noise statistics is developed. In the final simulation test, an echo signal with SNR equal to -6.1 dB is proceeded using the aforementioned two deconvolution algorithms, respectively, and the results demonstrate good performance of the approach.     

从物理看乐音的和谐(续)--物理与音乐专题之一

研究表明，人类的耳朵除了对基频外，较易听辨的就是二倍(频率)音、三倍音和四倍音．所以当一个基频为f1：f2：f3=400：500：600的三个音同时发声时，各音的二次谐频，三次谐频，四次谐频被加强，听感就变得和谐、明亮．而频率比不是简单整数比关