多孔硅在30~180℃温区光致发光谱的研究

对长期存放在空气中的多孔硅样品和即时制备的多孔硅样品分别在室温~180℃下进行了光致发光（PL）温度效应的研究.两类样品的PL呈现不同的变化规律.前者的PL还表现为双峰,且长波PL峰随温度升高蓝移;后者的PL表现为单峰,且PL峰位随温度升高红移.基于量子限制效应对后者进行了解释;而前者难以用分立的量子限制和表面发光中心模型来解释,实验结果表明两种机制之间可能有较复杂的耦合效应发生.     

直接从QCD拉氏量研究禁闭的尝试

对SU(N)情形, 应用法捷耶夫和尼米的非阿贝尔规范势的拓扑分解, 在路径积分中, 将除拓扑自由度以外的其它自由度积掉, 求出单圈和低能近似下的有效作用量. 结果支持由对偶迈斯纳效应造成色禁闭的图像. 也讨论了费米子场的效应. In the SU(N) case we use the Fadeev Niemi topological decomposition of nonabelian gauge potentials to derive the low energy effective Lagrangian under one loop approximation by integrating all degrees of freedom except the topological ones in its path integral. The result supports a mechanism on color confinment which comes from the dual Misner Effect. The effect from fermion fields is also discussed.     

温度对聚酰胺-胺树形分子模板法制备CdS量子点的影响

为了研究温度对聚酰胺-胺(PAMAM)树形分子的模板法制备硫化镉(CdS)量子点的影响, 以4.5代(G4.5, 64个甲酯端基)PAMAM树形分子为模板, 在－10～30 ℃的温度范围内制备了分散良好的CdS量子点. 用透射电子显微镜(TEM)表征了CdS量子点的形貌、尺寸; 用紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)和光致发光光谱(PL)表征了CdS量子点的光学性能. 发现在相同条件下, 制备温度从－10 ℃升高到30 ℃, CdS量子点粒径从1.8 nm增大到3.4 nm, 其中在10 ℃时制备的量子点的尺寸分布最窄; CdS量子点的吸收和发射光谱均随温度增大而红移, 其中10 ℃时制备的量子点的室温光致发光效率最高. 这表明制备温度决定了树形分子的配位基团与Cd^2＋的分离速度, 并影响了CdS量子点的成核和生长过程, 从而最终决定了CdS量子点的尺寸及尺寸分布、光致发光颜色和发光效率.     

金属离子对CdS量子点/聚酰胺-胺树形分子纳米复合材料光致发光性能的影响

以聚酰胺-胺树形分子为模板制备了分散好、尺寸均匀的CdS量子点,并用分光光度滴定法研究了Cd²⁺、Zn²⁺、Pb²⁺、Cu²⁺、Mn²⁺几种金属离子对其光致发光性能的影响。发现不同离子对CdS量子点的发光性能影响不同:Cd²⁺和Zn²⁺使量子点荧光增强,Pb²⁺、Cu²⁺和Mn²⁺使其荧光有不同程度淬灭。这归因于金属离子对CdS量子点表面的修饰作用。Cd²⁺能减少由S^2-悬键构成的非辐射复合中心,增强树形分子对量子点表面缺陷的钝化作用,并能在量子点周围形成类肖特基能垒,从而显著增大CdS量子点的光致发光效率。由于ZnS与CdS的晶格参数非常接近,Zn²⁺能起到与Cd²⁺类似的作用,使CdS量子点的发光效率大大增强。Pb²⁺和Cu²⁺能取代Cd²⁺在CdS量子点表面生成窄带隙的壳层,对其发光有很强的淬灭作用。由于块体PbS的带隙比块体CuS窄,故Pb²⁺的淬灭能力强于Cu²⁺。Mn²⁺能破坏Cd²⁺与PAMAM树形分子的配位键,降低树形分子对CdS量子点表面缺陷的钝化作用,且其本身在量子点表面构成了新的荧光淬灭中心,但Mn²⁺也能形成较弱的类肖特基能垒,故对量子点的发光淬灭作用较弱。     

Persistent spin current in a quantum wire with weak Dresselhaus spin——orbit coupling

The spin current in a parabolically confined semiconductorheterojunction quantum wire with Dresselhaus spin--orbit coupling istheoretically studied by using the perturbation method. The formulaeof the elements for linear and angular spin current densities arederived by using the recent definition for spin current based on spincontinuity equation. It is found that the spin current in thisDresselhaus spin--orbit coupling quantum wire is antisymmetrical,which is different from that in Rashba model due to the difference insymmetry between these two models. Some numerical examples for theresult are also demonstrated and discussed.     

One-step discrimination scheme on N-particle Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger bases

We present an experimentally feasible one-step discrimination scheme on Bell bases with trapped ions, and then generalize it to the case of N-ion Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger （GHZ） bases. In the scheme, all the orthogonal and complete N-ion GHZ internal states can be exactly discriminated only by one step, and thus it takes very short time. Moreover, the scheme is insensitive to thermal motion and dose not require the individual addressing of the ions. The Bell-state and GHZ-state one-step discrimination scheme can be widely used in quantum information processing based on ion-trap set-up.