"超预期思路"在数学解题教学中的价值透视

数学教学应立足于学生的主体性发展 ,这一建设性方向的首要表征在于数学创新意识的培养 .而一种教育理念从理论宣言的层面转化为实际的课堂教学行为需要一个过程 .在这个过程中 ,一些不起眼的教学细节往往正是实现这种教育理念的绝好素材 ,但它却常常被有意无意地忽略 ,没有体现出其应有的价值 .对待学生数学解题活动中的“超预期思路” ,即属于这样一种情况 .为使其潜在的教学价值得到有效的张扬 ,本文旨在结合自己的教学感受作些探讨和分析 .1　“预期思路”与“超预期思路”就一般的解题教学而言 ,教师总是先由自己的解题活动达到对问题…     

依照个性特征 进行分类讨论

分类讨论思想是全国各地中考中考查的重要数学思想之一 ,应做到分类有据 ,不重不漏 .因此 ,必须抓住问题的个性特征 ,因题而异 ,灵活处理 .例 1　在平面直角坐标系xOy中 ,已知A(2 ,- 2 ) ,请在纵轴上确定一点P使AOP为等腰三角形 ,求出点P的坐标 .图 1析解 :(如图 1 )应注意到此等腰三角形有一条边OA是固定的 ,解题的入手点正在于此 .因OA非腰即底 ,故可做如下讨论 :(1 )OA为底时 ,P为OA的中垂线与纵轴的交点P1 ,可得P1 (0 ,- 2 )(2 )OA为腰时 ,又分为两种情况 :Ⅰ .O为顶点时 ,以O为圆心 ,OA为半径作圆交纵轴于P2 、P3 可得 :P2 …     

用定比分点解题的常见类型

在定比分点定义中 ,P1 ,P ,P2 是数轴上三点 ,其坐标分别为x1 ,x ,x2 则P分P1 P2 之比λ =P1 PPP2 =x -x1 x2 -x,当P内分P1 P2 时 ,λ>0 ;当P外分P1 P2 时 ,λ<0且λ≠- 1 ;当P与P1 P2 的左端点P1 重合时 ,λ =0时 ;当P与P1 P2 的右端点P2重合时 ,λ→∞ ,或者说λ不存在 .对于以上几种情况 ,反之也成立 .我们正是利用理论中的可逆性来合理的求解某些数学问题 .下面举几例予以说明 .1　比较数或式值的大小例 1　已知a>0 ,b>0 ,0 相似文献   

立体几何与平面解析几何的交汇题

2004年湖北高考第(19)题是一道向量题，这道题其实是一道很基本的题目，但得分率很低，对这道题目进行分析是有益的。     

概率与统计题解惑

《概率与统计》是新教材高三新增内容之一 .它以较强的实践性、应用性顺应了时代的气息 ,对提高学生运用所学知识解决简单实际问题有着举足轻重的作用 .但是在教学中 ,也发现学生在某些问题的解决上存在着困惑 ,下面将这些问题一一列举出来 ,供同行们参考 .例 1　已知有 6只电器元件 ,其中有 2只次品和4只正品 ,每次随机抽取一只测试 ,不放回 ,直到 2只次品都找到为止 .设所需要测试的次数为 ξ .求ξ的分布列 .解 :∵P(ξ =2 ) =A22A26=115 ,P(ξ =3) =C12 C14 A22A3 6=215P(ξ =4 ) =A44A46+ C12 C24A3 3 A46=115 + 15 =415 ,P(ξ …     

浅谈习题的解后分析

在高中物理学习中，常要做许多习题，在所要求解的答案出来后，不是戛然而止，而是以超脱求解答案的目光，再对解题过程进行审视、总结，你将有很多收获，下面笔者就这个问题谈一些看法．     

Schrodinger Equation for an Open System

We present a Schrodinger (Liouville) type of equation for a quantum open system.It has a correlated part,and various master equations may be its special cases.It also has significant applications for constructing decoherencefree subspace for quantum computation.It is related to the original Schrodinger (Liouville)equation for the total system through a non-unitary similarity transformation.It is unnecessary for its correlated part to be self-adjoint,so there is a complex spectrum for the corresponding Hamiltonian (Liouvillian),which enables the time evolution of states to be asymmetric.This shows just the correlation to produce evolution of world.     

Preparation of entangled simultaneous nonresonant atomic states through atom-field interaction

A scheme is proposed for generating a three-atom maximal entanglement W state. It is based on the simultaneous nonresonant interaction of atoms with a single-mode cavity field. Our scheme is insensitive to the cavity field, so the cavity field in our scheme can be initially in thermal states.     

Do the Experimental Violations of Bell Inequalities Require a Non-Local Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics？

Since the data show that Bell inequalities are violated experimentally, we must conclude that any hidden variable theory （which correctly predicts experimental data ） will be non-local. But, to conclude that the experimental violations of Bell inequalities show quantum mechanics to be non-local is unjustified. Specifically, the key assumptions required to obtain a Bell inequality are （ 1 ） locality and （2） the assignment of meaningful （ non- negative） probabilities to seemingly physical correlations （Bell expresses these correlations via ＂ hidden variables＂ ）. Since the Bell inequality is violated by experiment, at least one of these assumptions is wrong. The widespread conclusion that locality must be relinquished is valid only if we retain the previously mentioned correlations （ ＂hidden variables＂ ）. We will demonstrate that the latter are not physical observables - they are not elements of physical reality.     

Solution Transformations and Their Effects on the Systems with Open Boundary Conditions

The solution transformations and properties of the R-matrices for two-component systems under these transformations are analyzed in details.Not all transformed R-matrices can be put into the Skalyanin‘s formalism.For those R-matrices with all required properties,the effects of solution transformations to the six-and eight-vertex systems with open boundary conditions are discussed.these effects can be one of the following types:the Hamiltonian is invariant or transposition-invariant or made in a similarity transformation,or its coupling coefficients are multiplied by an overall factor,or the spin of the system is rotated around the z axis or/and reflected with respect to some plane.In these cases,the transformed systems remain to be integrable.