物理——我最好的伴侣

 我国老一辈物理学家余瑞璜说过:“我自中学以来热爱物理,从来没有一秒钟的闪念,后悔学物理.六十年来,除了有旁的事外,从早上六点到下午五点半,一直就追求隐藏在自然界的深处的真理而从来不申请奖金”.那么,八十年代的大学生、中学生,是否也象老一辈物理学家那样,对物理这门学科感兴趣?是否出自对真理的追求,选择研究物理这一艰难的道路?本刊将陆续发表同学们的来信,人们从中会得到肯定的答案.     

掠入射X射线衍射研究Si覆盖层对Ge/Si量子点微结构的影响

利用掠入射X射线衍射和常规X射线衍射研究了Si(001)上的Ge量子点在不同厚度的Si覆盖层下微结构的变化,同时用AFM研究了其形貌变化.实验结果表明在小的覆盖度下,量子点中组分的变化已十分明显,同时量子点的形状也发生了明显的变化.     

极性晶体外表面电子的量子像势及其极化子的基态能量

本从与真空接触的存在二支声子的半无限极性晶体表面附近极化子的哈密顿算符入手，应用二支模型理论，分别对GaAs和ZnO两种材料计算了外表面电子的量子像势及其极化子的基态能量，计算结果表明，利用二支模型理论求出的外表面极化子的基态能量与利用一支模型理论求出的外表在面极化子的基态能量相差较大，对GaAs，误差约为31.1%, 对ZnO，误差约为14.8%。     

Quark Virtuality and QCD Vacuum Condensates

Based on the Dyson-Schwinger equations (DSEs) in the ‘rainbow‘ approximation, we investigate the quark virtuality in the vacuum state and quantum-chromodynamics (QCD) vacuum condensates. In particular, we calculate the local quark vacuum condensate and quark-gluon mixed condensates, and then the virtuality of quark. The calculated quark virtualities are λu,d^2 0.7 GeV^2 for u, d quarks, and λs^2=1.6 GeV^2 for s quark. Our theoretical predictions are consistent with empirical values used in QCD sum rules, and also fit to lattice QCD predictions.     

Efficient Multiparty Quantum Secret Sharing with Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger States

An effcient multiparty quantum secret sharing scheme is proposed with Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger （GHZ） states following some ideas in quantum dense coding. The agents take the single-photon measurements on the photons received for eavesdropping check and exploit the four local unitary operations Ⅰ, σx, σx and iσy to code their message. This scheme has the advantage of high capacity as each GHZ state can carry two bits of information. The parties do not need to announce the measuring bases for almost all the photons, which will reduce the classical information exchanged largely. The intrinsic efficiency for qubits and the total effciency both approach the maximal values.     

Quantum Key Distribution Using Four-Qubit W State

A new theoretical quantum key distribution scheme based on entanglement swapping is proposed, where four-qubit symmetric W state functions as quantum channel. It is shown that two legitimate users can secretly share a series of key bits by using Bell-state measurements and classical communication.     

庆祝武汉大学合校5周年——前进中的武汉大学期刊社

武汉大学期刊社成立于2000年10月，下设办公室、5个编辑部以及出版发行部、网络信息部共8个部门，编辑出版6种中文核心期刊学报、2种英文学报及2种科技杂志。     

Note on the Constraint on Modified Energy-Momentum Relation

Quantum gravity can modify the usual energy-momentum dispersion relation. We provide evidence for the argument that the modified dispersion relation is constrained by the black hole thermodynamics, for consistency of quantum gravity.     

Analysis of Three Coupled Defects in One-Dimensional Photonic Bandgap Structure

The mutual interaction of three different defects in photonic crystals is studied theoretically. A theoretical model based on the classical wave analogue of the tight-binding （TB） picture is applied to the structure. We obtain analytic expressions for the eigenfrequencies and eigenmodes, from which the transmissions at resonance are derived. Based on this, a new type of the photonic quantum-well structure is investigated and its possible application is discussed. The TB predictions are compared with the transfer matrix method simulation results.     

利用Cluster State实现远程态制备

量子态是量子信息的载体，因此，从某种意义上说，量子信息过程就是量子态的传递和操作的过程。量子态的远程制备包括量子隐形传态（Telepotation）和远程态制备（Remote State Preparation（RSP））。远程态制备是一种利用纠缠和经典通讯传输量子态的简单方法，相比较量子态telepotation耗费的资源更少（1 ebit and 1 cbit）。Cluster State是一种特殊的量子态，在量子计算方案中有着广泛的应用。我们实验上利用SPDC产生的偏振纠缠双光子，加入时间比特，构造出Cluster State，并利用Cluster State实现了量子态的远程制备。