Viscosity Characteristic in Metallic Melts with Medium／Short-Range Order Structures

Viscosities and liquid structure of alloys Cu75Al25, Cu87Sn13 and Al-12.5%Si and pure metals Cu and Sn are investigated by using torsional oscillation viscometry and high temperature x-ray diffractometry. The viscosities of pure metals and eutectic alloy melts along with the short-range order structure are found to follow the Arrhenius law in a wide range of temperature above the liquidus. The breakpoints in Arrhenius plots emerge when the structures of alloy melts are transformed from the medium-range order structure to the short-range order structure. It has been found that the change of the viscosity of the metallic alloys is a characteristic of microstructure transformation in the related melts.     

一种新型的二元光学器件——多位相光束分束器的制作

本文报道了用于多光束分束器的反射式16位相值二元光学器件的制作。该二元光学器件把一束光束分成5×5光束阵列。测量的衍射效率为76.16%,接近理论设计值79.68%。该二元光学器件的有效孔径为10mm×10mm。     

热处理条件对双粉工艺中Bi—2212粉末的相组成影响

实验研究了Bi-2212粉末在空气，8％O2和纯O2种处理的相组成特征，指出通过改变热处理温度和气氛可控制前驱粉中对2223成相影响较大的(Bi，Pb)-2212相，Ca2PbO4相，2201相和14：24AEC等相。     

高斯光束计算平板波导自由传输区远场分布及其修正

对近轴近似条件下求解亥姆霍兹方程得到的高斯光束显式传播公式做了分析，同时，基于基尔霍夫衍射理论，在菲涅耳近似的条件下给出了相应的高斯光束在远场的传播公式，在此基础上，对近轴近似条件做出了定量分析，给出了这个近似条件引入的误差，提出了一种计算高斯光束远场分布的修正方法，并采用有限差分-光束传播方法(FD-BPM)来检验各种方法的准确性。把这种修正方法应用到平面光集成波导器件，如阵列波导光栅(AWG)、蚀刻衍射光栅(EDG)等器件的设计和模拟中，可以大大降低工作的复杂性，同时可以得到精确的结果。     

Morphology of Platinum Nanowire Array Electrodepostied Within Anodic Aluminium Oxide Template Characterized by Atomic Force Microscopy

Unifrom platinum nanowires were synthesized by electrodepositing the platinum under a very low altering current frequency(20Hz) and increasing voltage(5-15V）in the proes of anodic aluminium oxide(AAO) template. Atomic force microscopy observation indicates that the template membranes we obtained have hexagonally clse-packed nanochannels.The platinum nanowires have highly ordered arrays after partially dissolving the aluminium oxide membrane.With the increasing dissolvoing time,the platinum nanowire array collapsed.A concave topography of the aluminium substrate was observed after the aluminium oxide membrane was dissolved completely and the platinum nanowires were released from the template.Platinum nanowires were also characterized by transmission electron microscopy and the phase structure of the Al/AAO/Pt composite was proven by x-ray diffraction.     

布拉格（Bragg，Sir William Henrg，1862—1942）英国物理学家（Physicist，England）

由于用X射线研究晶体内原子和分子结构的贡献，布拉格和儿子小布拉格共获1915年诺贝尔物理学奖。1882年取得剑桥三一学院的奖学金，1885年以优异的成绩通过数学毕业考试，同年就任澳大利亚阿德莱德大学数学和物理教授。1912年回伦敦，发明布拉格电离分光计，为现代X射线衍射计的雏形，用它可精确测定X射线波长和晶体的各项数据。     

衍射中障碍物的线度究竟是多大

我们知道当障碍物的尺寸足够小时才可以观察到衍射现象,但足够小究竟是多小,本文就这个问题做以下讨论．1考虑这个问题的思路是否能观察到衍射条纹,除了要考虑波长、障碍物应该满足的条件外,还应该考虑到人的视力,所以在求障碍物的尺寸时应该遵循     

也论平面透射光栅状态的调节

前言前段时间,贵刊先后发表了两篇有关平面透射光栅状态调节方面的文章。其中86年第5期,刘慎秋等同志的文章的主要意思是:由于有些复制光栅的两表面间并不平行,因而造成在光栅面上光线的入射角将不为零。而这“几分”     

横向位移双曝光散斑图维纳谱的信息分布

讨论了横向位移双曝光散斑图维纳谱的信息分布，并由此导出杨氏纹图的一般表达式。讨论了条纹可见度与应变，面内转动，照明光束直径与条纹图图空间坐标的关系，指出了在条纹可见度影响下最大可见条纹数目。还讨论了散斑衬比与衍射晕的关系。     

Structural Phase Transformations of ZnS Nanocrystalline Under High Pressure

In-situ energy dispersive x-ray diffraction on ZnS nanocrystalline was carried out under high pressure by using a diamond anvil cell. Phase transition of wurtzite of 10nm ZnS to rocksalt occurred at 16.0GPa, which was higher than that of the bulk materials. The structures of ZnS nanocrystalline at different pressures were built by using materials studio and the bulk modulus, and the pressure derivative of ZnS nanocrystalline were derived by fitting the equation of Birch-Murnaghan. The resulting modulus was higher than that of the corresponding bulk material, which indicates that the nanomaterial has higher hardness than its bulk materials.