《宇航计测技术》2013年第1期目录

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UJ31型电位差计中采用不同平衡指示器校准电流表

电位差计常用于精确测量电动势、电压、电流、电阻等电学量,在实验室可用来校准电表。文章对实验室频繁使用的电流表采用UJ31型电位差计配用不同的平衡指示器进行校准,对所测数据进行分析对比,得出被校表的准确度等级及采用不同平衡指示器时的测量结果。     

Twin-image problem in digital holography—a survey(Invited Paper)

Zero-order and twin images are a serious obstacle in achieving a high-quality output in in-line digital holography （DH）. They decrease the useful bandwidth of the off-axis DH. Over the years the twin image removal problem was approached both by instrumental and numerical means. The paper provides an extended survey of the proposed solutions with their pros and cons as a guide for further advance in this field. Processing of a single spatial carrier fringe pattern involves spatial filtering in the frequency domain, spatial phase-shifting （PS） or wavelet transform. A point source digital holographic microscopy （DHM）, introduction of calibration measurements or various modifications of PS technique are instrumental solutions to the twin image problem for in-line DH. Numerical solutions to the same problem include iterative and non-iterative approaches, diffraction-based and inverse problem solutions, reconstruction of purely real or phase objects and of complex objects, reconstruction of plane and volume objects. Elimination only of the zero-order image relies on non-linear filtering or additional calibration measurements.     

Research on calibration method in lab of direct solar channels of Sun photometer

We develop a new calibration method in lab by measuring the absolute spectral irradiance responsivity of Sun photometer sun channel. The absolute power responsivity of Sun photometer is obtained when a white laser double monochromator system serve as a source, and a standard transfer detector calibrated against cryogenic absolute radiometer is assembled to measure the absolute power of laser beam. The effective area of aperture is measured through laser raster scanning method, and the relative spectral irradiance responsivity of the corresponding channel is obtained by using tungsten-halogen lamps double monoehromator system. On the basis of the above results, the top of the atmosphere responsive constants V0 （500, 675, and 870 nm） are obtained by integration with extraterrestrial solar spectral irradiance data. Comparing the calibration results with that of CIMEL, France in November 2011, the relative differences are 4.38%, 2.23%, and 2.45%, respectively. The calibration uncertainty reaches to 2.048×10^-2, which shows a remarkable consistency with the Langley plot method. Further, our scheme can overcome the limits of space and atmospheric conditions which are only available at a high-altitude calibration site in particular date. The advantages lie in not only shortening the experiment period but also being of high precision. This new scheme definitely plays an important role in supporting the current and future sun photometry calibration activities which are significant to earth observation.     

A pressure calibration method for a portable wide-access ＂panoramic＂ cell

A simple and convenient pressure calibration method is developed for a newly designed portable wide-access ＇panoramic＇ cell. This cell is adapted to angle-dispersive-mode high-pressure in situ neutron diffraction of reactor neutron sources. This pressure calibration method has established a relationship between the cell pressure and the anvil displace- ment （gasket compression） based on the fixed-point calibration technique. By employing TiZr gasket with a thickness of 3 mm and WC anvil with a culet of 4 mm diameter, the average anvil displacements are 1.31 mm and 2.22 mm for Bi phase transitions （2.55 GPa and 7.7 GPa）, and 1.85 mm for Ba phase transitions （5.5 GPa）, respectively. In this pressure range, the pressure increases quickly with decreasing gasket thickness, and undergoes a linear increase with the anvil displacement. By extrapolating the calibration curve, the cell pressure will achieve 10 GPa when the anvil displacement is around 2.5 ram.     

Online charge calibration of LHAASO-WCDA——a study with the engineering array

LHAASO-WCDA is a large ground-based water Cherenkov detector array planned to be built at ShangriLa, Yunnan Province, China. As a major component of the LHAASO project, the main purpose of LHAASO-WCDA is to survey the northern sky for very-high-energy（above 100 GeV） gamma ray sources and measure the spectrum. To gain full knowledge of the water Cherenkov technique and to investigate the engineering issues, a 9-cell detector array has been built at the Yang-Ba-Jing site, neighboring the ARGO-YBJ experiment. With the array, charge calibration methods for both low and high ranges of the PMT readout are studied, whose result shows that a precision at several percentages can be reached, which can satisfy the requirement of the detector array. During the long term operation, the charge calibration stability and environmental afection are studied; in this paper, the results are discussed. These calibration methods are proposed to be applied in the future LHAASO-WCDA project.     

隔热板对近场辐射影响的研究

本文以关于两半无限大辐射热源间的并矢格林函数为基础利用传递矩阵法,在不考虑温度对介电常数影响的情况下以SiC材料为例,研究了隔热板对近场辐射传热的影响.研究结果表明,隔热板对近场辐射的影响完全不同于常规尺度辐射问题,近场下的净辐射热流不仅受隔热板的相对厚度的影响,而且受隔热板位置的影响.所得的结论对近场辐射传热的热设计具有一定的指导意义。     

基于SONAH的水平轴风力机风轮噪声源识别

将统计最优近场声全息(SONAH)技术运用于小型水平轴风力机风轮噪声源识别中,采用近场声全息技术以弥补远场波束形成技术对低频段声源识别精度低的缺点。利用BK公司的60通道圆形声阵列对运行中的水平轴风力机在不同工况下进行声场信息采集分析,分析了噪声总声功率级的分布特征以及噪声源位置的分布规律。分析结果表明:风轮旋转时,以200 Hz以下的旋转噪声为主导,噪声源能量最大区域主要集中在叶片中部(r/R=0.5附近),并随着频率的增大,声源沿旋转面径向方向由叶片中部逐渐向叶尖分散。     

灵敏度系数可调同轴脉冲电压探头

针对采用TEM小室或GTEM室校准测试时从输入端获取信号的需求,设计了一种同轴型脉冲电压探头;该探头为微分型输出,采用数值积分可获得脉冲电压波形;其灵敏度系数可调。仿真分析了不同结构探针对探头内部电场峰值分布及对端口特性阻抗的影响,对采用尖针形探针的同轴脉冲探头进行了实验验证,得到了其频域响应曲线和灵敏度系数,分析了灵敏度系数随探针到内导体中心距离变化的规律。仿真和实验结果表明,同轴脉冲探头内嵌的探针采用尖针形时,对端口特性阻抗的影响及内部电磁场的扰动都很小,可满足ns级瞬变脉冲测试校准需要。     

基于CCD成像方法的激光束近场光强分布测试技术?

激光束近场光强分布是影响激光束特性的重要参数之一,为了使目前激光束近场光强分布的评价更加合理和科学化,对CCD直接测量法和漫反射屏测量法两种测量方法进行了研究,并分析了材料不同的漫反射屏对测量结果的影响。研究结果表明,漫反射屏材料的不同对测量结果有较大影响,并且漫反射屏测量法存在的散斑对测量结果影响也较大。两种测量方法比较表明CCD直接测量法测得结果更加客观,与真实值更加接近。