Design of CASSEGRAIN telescope baffles with honeycomb entrance

The stray radiation suppression in Cassegrain family optical system is presented. The design method for ultra-short outer baffle with honeycomb structure is proposed. Meanwhile the constraint formulas for designing the geometries of primary baffle and secondary baffle are deduced when basing the characteristic and taking vignette into account. According to the ray trace simulated data, the point source transmit- tance values of the baffle are less than 10-^10 when incident angles are larger than the rejection angle. The honeycomb-look front baffle guarantees a comparable performance of stray light suppression with traditional tube baffle, while reducing the size greatly.     

Parameterization of land surface albedo

Remote measurements of Earth’s surface from ground, airborne, and spaceborne instruments show that its albedo is highly variable and is sensitive to solar zenith angle（SZA） and atmospheric opacity. Using a validated radiative transfer calculating toolbox, DISORT and a bidirectional reflectance distribution function library, AMBRALS, a land surface albedo（LSA） lookup table（LUT） is produced with respect to SZA and aerosol optical depth. With the LUT, spectral and broadband LSA can be obtained at any given illumination geometries and atmospheric conditions. It provides a fast and accurate way to simulate surface reflectance over large temporal and spatial scales for climate study.     

Experimental characterization and correction of non-equivalence of Solar Irradiance Absolute Radiometer

We experimentally evaluate and correct the non-equivalence between electrical and radiative heating of solar irradiance absolute radiometer to compensate the systematic error of radiant power measurement at ambient pressure. A relative difference of the order of 0.08%-0.27% between electrical and radiative heating sensitivities is shown, and the resulting non-equivalence correction factor is calculated. The radiant power measurement equation is modified using the non-equivalence correction factor, a systematic deviation of 0.19% of radiant power measurement is hence eliminated.     

Improved method for analyzing quasi-optical launchers

An improved method for analyzing the radiation characteristic of the quasi-optical launcher is presented. The launcher is decomposed into an open-ended waveguide and a helical cut according to the proposed method. The radiation from the open-ended waveguide is obtained by using the Stratton-Chu formulation. The helical cut＇s radiation is calculated based on its current distribution, gained by several iterative computations, which helps to improve the calculation accuracy since the diffraction effect introduced by the helical cut is considered during the calculation. The proposed method is used to study different launches, and the results are compared with the existing results. Good agreement is achieved between the results obtained from our proposed method and the reported results. The present results provide an alternative for analysis and synthesis of the optical-mode converter.     

Raman spectrum study of graphite irradiated by swift heavy ions

Highly oriented pyrolytic graphites are irradiated with 40.5-Me V and 67.7-Me V ^112Sn-ions in a wide range of fluences： 1×10^11 ions/cm^2–1×10^14ions/cm^2. Raman spectra in the region between 1200 cm^-1 and 3500cm^-1 show that the disorder induced by Sn-ions increases with ion fluence increasing. However, for the same fluence, the amount of disorder is greater for 40.5-Me V Sn-ions than that observed for 67.7-Me V Sn-ions, even though the latter has a slightly higher value for electronic energy loss. This is explained by the ion velocity effect. Importantly, ～ 3-cm^-1frequency shift toward lower wavenumber for the D band and ～ 6-cm^-1 shift toward lower wavenumber for the 2D band are observed at a fluence of 1×10^14 ions/cm^2, which is consistent with the scenario of radiation-induced strain. The strain formation is interpreted in the context of inelastic thermal spike model, and the change of the 2D band shape at high ion fluence is explained by the accumulation of stacking faults of the graphene layers activated by radiation-induced strain around ion tracks. Moreover,the hexagonal structure around the ion tracks is observed by scanning tunneling microscopy, which confirms that the strains near the ion tracks locally cause electronic decoupling of neighboring graphene layers.     

Preliminary study on CAD-based method of characteristics for neutron transport calculation

Our new method makes use of a CAD-based automatic modeling tool, MCAM, for geometry modeling and ray tracing of particle transport in method of characteristics （MOC）. It was found that it could considerably enhance the capability of MOC to deal with more complicated models for neutron transport calculation. In our study, the diamond-difference scheme was applied to MOC to reduce the spatial discretization errors of the fiat flux approximation. Based on MCAM and MOC, a new 2D MOC code was developed and integrated into the SuperMC system, which is a Super Multi-function Computational system for neutronics and radiation simulation. The numerical results demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of the new method for neutron transport calculation in MOC.     

基于变量分离近似稀疏重构和简化球谐近似的生物发光断层成像

生物发光断层成像(BLT)是一种非常有效的光学分子成像方式,在医学预临床研究中的有着广泛的研究。然而,BLT的核心问题即光源重建仍然存在着巨大的挑战:光在生物组织中的传输模型是否精确与重建问题不适定性都使得光源位置与密度的重建变得十分困难。为了准确高效地实现光源重建,在光传输模型的选择上,通过将扩散近似模型和高阶简化球谐近似模型(SPN)的结果与蒙特卡罗金标准进行比较,结果表明阶次(N)为3时的SP3模型描述光子在生物体的传输时能够最佳地兼顾精度和速度。基于SP3传输模型,结合光源在生物体内稀疏分布的特征,采用变量分离近似稀疏重构(SpaRSA)的方法来解决BLT的重建问题。为了验证提出方法的有效性,通过将数字鼠仿真和真实小鼠实验与典型的l1_ls方法对比表明在SP3模型下SpaRSA算法可行。     

基于强度图像和地物偏振反射率数据的光学遥感偏振成像仿真分析

为获得满足偏振成像探测器的研制所需的偏振成像样本,并解决现有偏振遥感仿真分析中普遍缺乏实测数据支持的问题,提出了一种基于强度图像和实测地物偏振反射率数据的偏振成像仿真方法,介绍了其实现过程,并且得到了不同大气几何条件下的卫星高度偏振仿真图像。通过与强度仿真图像定量的对比表明,偏振成像对比度受大气能见度的影响较弱,在低能见度及后向散射条件下或者某些特定方向上优势更为突出。偏振成像的清晰度对观测方向较为敏感这一属性可以指导选择特定的方向进行偏振探测,并最终提升雾霾条件下偏振成像对地遥感的目标识别能力。     

飞机红外光谱辐射特性的多光谱测量

飞机机体及其羽流的红外光谱辐射特性,可以为探测、跟踪系统的谱段选择提供依据。准确的光谱辐射特性有利于提高系统探测和跟踪的能力。对飞机的红外辐射光谱特性进行了外场测量研究。建立和分析了辐射传输模型,设计了一个多谱段、滤光片分光的中波红外多光谱成像仪,采用了640pixel×512pixel的中波面阵探测器,响应波长范围覆盖3.7~4.8μm,并对其噪声性能进行了评估。实际选取了民航飞机进行实验测量,获取了机体及羽流在4个谱段上的光谱辐射特性。与传统的方法相比,获得了更真实的飞机红外辐射光谱特性。     

高层非局地热力平衡大气对红外临边辐射的影响分析

采用大气逐线辐射传递计算模型——前向参考辐射模型(RFM),计算了高层大气在局地热力平衡状态(LTE)与非局地热力平衡状态(non-LTE)条件下主要大气分子红外光谱带的临边辐射。以定义的相对偏差为指标,分析了白天与夜间情况下non-LTE大气对红外临边辐射的影响,确定了LTE条件的大气高度适用范围,并对白天与夜间的临边辐射进行比较。分析结果表明,高层大气在non-LTE与LTE条件下的红外临边辐射有显著偏差,白天太阳抽运作用会增加这两种条件下的偏差。在白天与夜间环境下,部分光谱带的辐射会有明显差异。除白天CO24.3μm光谱带外,其他光谱带在60km以下non-LTE与LTE不会有较明显偏离,其中CO215μm光谱带能达到80km左右。分析结果可为高层大气辐射计算模型提拱理论基础。