BRDF表面对一维梯度折射率介质内辐射传热影响

辐射计算中的漫反射或镜反射假设并不足以完整地描述实际表面的特性.本文首次将BRDF、表面引入辐射传热分析。使用Minnaert模型模拟BRDF表面,通过遗传算法得到模型参数.用DRESOR法和逆蒙特卡洛法求解了含BRDF表面的-维梯度折射率介质中的辐射传热问题。计算结果显示了DRESOR法和逆蒙特卡洛法的准确性。虽然BRDF表面和相应的漫反射表面对应的温度偏差仅为±1.5%,但辐射热流偏差高达±10.5%,这足以引起很大的分析误差,实际辐射热分析中应引起重视。     

细水雾衰减目标热辐射的谱带-灰体模型

在火灾防护中为提高热辐射传输计算的效率,建立了多分散细水雾0.8~20μm辐射特性参数数据库,并提出了两种谱带一灰体模型。本文中,辐射特性参数采用数据库调用的方法获取,而细水雾非灰特性采用谱带一灰体模型处理。通过所建三种模型的相对误差和计算效率分析,发现灰体假设模型的相对误差较大,且随水雾光学厚度的增大而增大;而谱带一灰体模型具有很好的精度。总体讲,谱带模型具有最好的精度,但效率最差;灰体假设模型效率最高,但精度最差;只有谱带一灰体模型既兼顾了效率又兼顾了精度。     

Hadronic Scenarios for Gamma-Ray Emission from Three Supernova Remnants Interacting with Molecular Clouds

GeV γ-rays detected with the large area telescope on board the Fermi Gamma-ray space telescope in the direc- tion of HB21, MSH 17-39 and G337.0-0.1 have been recently reported. The three supernova remnants （SNRs） show interactions with molecular clouds, and they are effective gamma-ray emitters as the relativistic protons accelerated by the SNR shocks inelastically colliding with the dense gas in the clouds. The origin of the observed γ-rays for the three remnants is investigated in the scenario of the diffusive shock acceleration. In the model, a part of the SNR shock transmits into the nearby molecular clouds, and the shock velocity is greatly reduced. As a result, a shock with a relatively low Alfven Mach number is generated, and the spectra of the accelerated protons and thee＇γ-ray photons produced via proton-proton interaction can be obtained. The results show that the observed γ-ray spectra for the three SNRs interacting with the molecular clouds can be reproduced. It can be concluded that the hadronic origin of the γ-rays for the three SNRs is approved, and the ability of SNR shocks to accelerate protons is also supported.     

Calculation of Higher-Order Foldy-Wouthuysen Transformation Hamiltonian

The Foldy-Wouthuysen Hamiltonian of a light atomic system that has an ma^8 contribution to energy levels is calculated. The case of a Dirac-Coulomb field is discussed. The results can be used for relativistic and radiative corrections to energy levels in the low-energy part. A divergent operator δ^2（r） emerges. This is probably due to the nature of the point-like charge source. The effective method of radiation calculation may be re-checked.     

Corrected Stefan-Boltzmann Law and Lifespan of a Black Hole

The corrected Stefan-Boltzmann law of black holes in the frame of a generalized uncertainty principle is derived through the Planck equation of thermal radiation. The result is different from the fiat spacetime： a corrected T term induced by the generalized uncertainty principle emerges; the coefficient of the T4 term is no longer a constant while related with the spacetime in the vicinity of the event horizon and the thin film model. Applying this corrected law to black hole radiation, the highest temperature in the final time of the radiation and the corresponding remnant with a mass of order of Planck mass are obtained. The lifespan of black holes is also corrected, however, the correction is extremely small.     

Radiation Induced Optical Absorption of Cubic Lead Fluoride Crystals and the Effect of Annealing

Transparent and colorless lead fluoride crystals with sizes of 20 × 20 × 20 （ram3） are irradiated with several doses of γ-rays from a ^60Co source. Their transmittance spectra before and after irradiation are measured, and a new parameter ΔT = Tb - Ta is defined to evaluate the irradiation damage. Three optical absorption bands peaking at 27Onto, 37Onto and 50Onto are found in the plots of AT versus wavelength, and their intensities increase with the irradiation dose. These optical absorption bands, except the one at 27Onto, can recover spontaneously with time. Thermal annealing treatment can enhance this recovery of the transmittance, while the optimum annealing temperature for different samples depends on the irradiation dose.     

南极望远镜首次探测到宇宙微波背景辐射中的B-模式光偏振

<正>一个观测团队使用南极望远镜(SPT),已经对宇宙微波背景辐射(CMB)中的B-模式光偏振做出了首次探测(见图1)。在CMB中,这种具有微妙卷曲特性的偏振光组分早已被预言存在。作为宇宙大爆炸模型的关键预言之一,它的被证实将为暴胀理论的最终测试铺平道路。Chuck Bennett是美国马里兰州霍普金斯大学CMB观测站的首席科学     

在同位旋空间中正反质子弹性散射的重整化混合圈链图效应

本文采用描述荷电和中性 pion 介子与核子-反核子强相互作用的同位旋SU(2)不变耦合模型,计算出在 pion0 重整化混合圈链图传播下 p pbar -> p pbar 弹性散射微分截面的“精确”解析结果;并且将此结果与在 pion0 树图传播下的微分截面作了对比分析,得到相应的辐射修正重要信息。本文完成的工作对进一步深入研究 pion 介子与核子-反核子强相互作用的同位旋SU(2)不变耦合模型以及深入理论探讨正反质子对撞实验,都将提供理论研究的参考价值。     

高能电子辐射下聚四氟乙烯深层充电特性

介质深层充放电现象是诱发航天器异常故障的重要因素之一.分析了高能电子辐射下介质内部电荷沉积、能量沉积特性和电导特性,考虑了真空与介质界面电荷对电场分布的影响,建立了介质二维深层充电的物理模型,并基于有限元方法实现了数值计算.计算了高能电子辐射下聚四氟乙烯的深层充电特性.结果表明:真空环境下,介质的表面存在较弱的反向电场,随着介质深度增大,电场减小至零,随后逐渐增大,最大值出现在靠近接地附近,但在接地点,电场存在小幅降低.分析了不同辐射时间下(1 h,1 d,10 d和30 d),介质内部最大电位和最大电场的时空演变特性.随着辐射时间的增加,最大电位由-128V增加至-7.9×104V,最大电场由2.83×105V·m-1增加至1.76×108V·m-1.讨论了入射电子束流密度对最大电场的影响,典型空间电子环境(1×10-10A·m-2)下,电子辐照10 d时,介质内部最大电场为2.95×106V·m-1.而恶劣空间电子环境(2×10-8A·m-2)下,电子辐射42 h,介质内部最大电场即达到108V·m-1,超过材料击穿阈值(约为108V·m-1),极易发生放电现象.该物理模型和数值方法可以作为航天器复杂部件多维电场仿真的研究基础.     

THz振荡器双光栅开放腔的高频特性

针对双开槽的双光栅开放式谐振腔,提出了一种基于矩形波导谐振腔理论的计算方法,给出TE04模式场分布的结构设计修正公式,用于进行准光学谐振腔结构设计优化,通过增强电子注区域的电场强度,可有效提高电子效率。同时对双光栅慢波结构"冷"色散特性进行了计算,分析了不同参数对其高频特性的影响。结果表明,双光栅槽宽和电子注通道宽度的变化会对其色散特性的频带上限产生较大影响。