Dynamical Study on Fusion Barrier in the Synthesis of Superheavy Elements

Based on the improved isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics model, the fusion barrier in the synthesis of superheavy elements is studied dynamically. Deformation effect and nucleon transfer in neck region are also investigated systematically, which can lower the dynamical barrier since the neck formation. It is shown that the neck radius is dependent on the incident energy and collision orientation. For the static barrier, the model almost gives the same results with the proximity potential.     

Shell Correction at the Saddle Point for Superheavy Nucleus

The potential energy surface for superheavy nucleus has been studied within the framework of the constrained relativistic mean field theory, and the shell correction energy as a function of de[ormation has been extracted by the Strutinsky shell correction procedure. Contrary to the usual expectation, the shell correction energy at the saddle point is too important to be neglected, and it has essential contribution to the fission barrier in superheavy nucleus.     

超重元素(新核素)合成研究进展情况分析和展望

本文在介绍和分析国际、国内在超重元素 (新核素 )合成实验研究与理论研究进展情况的基础上对我国今后如何从理论与实验的结合上开展超重元素 (核 )合成研究工作提出一些看法和建议 ,提供讨论     

重离子熔合反应系统中的准裂变(英文)

在重离子熔合反应中,准裂变与熔合过程之间相互竞争。在双核模型中,常常在主方程中加入Kramers公式来描述准裂变。但只有当准裂变位垒足够高时,该公式才能成立。在本工作中,把弹靶核的间距作为独立的动力学变量,通过求解主方程来自洽地同时描述双核模型向全熔合和准裂变过程的演化,因此检验了Kramers 公式的适用条件。此外,在重离子熔合反应过程中,把动力学形变的演化和核子的转移过程都看成是耗散过程,在系统的势能面的约束下,同时求解含有动力学形变参量和质量不对称度参量的一系列主方程。研究显示了动力学形变对准裂变质量分布的直接影响,得到了与实验观测值符合得很好的计算结果。In heavy ion fusion reactions, the quasifission(QF) is competing with fusion, and which is often described by incorporating the Kramers formula(KRA-F) into the master equation(ME) within the Di-Nuclear System(DNS) model. However the KRA-F works well only if the QF barrier is high enough. Presently by takingthe relative distance of nuclei as an independent dynamical variable, the evolution of the DNS towards fusion and QF are both treated as a diffusion process in a consistent way by solving MEs. The validity of the KRA-F is thuschecked. Furthermore, the dynamical deformation and the nucleon transfer in heavy ion fusion reaction process are viewed simultaneously as a diffusion process, and are treated by solving a set of MEs with the variables of thequadrupole deformation of each nucleus and the mass asymmetry variable in the potential energy surface(PES) of the system. The distinct influence of the dynamical deformation on the QF mass yield distribution is discussed,and the experimental observations can be well reproduced by the calculation.     

超重原子核与超重元素

研究超重原子核和超重元素,探索原子核的电荷和质量极限,是重要的科学前沿领域。超重原子核的存在源于量子效应。上个世纪60年代,理论预言存在一个以质子数114和中子数184为中心的超重稳定岛,这极大地促进了重离子加速器及相关探测设备的建造和重离子物理的发展。到目前为止,实验室合成了118号及之前的超重元素。其中116号、114号和113号以下的新元素已被命名。利用重离子熔合反应合成更重的超重元素还面临着很多挑战,需要理论与实验密切结合,探索超重原子核性质与合成机制,以登上超重稳定岛。文章概要介绍了超重原子核和超重元素的研究背景、实验进展以及面临的挑战,并展望了未来的发展。     

Influence of EDTA on the Morphology of Barium Carbonate Using High Gravity Technology

The superfine BaCO3 particles were synthesized by high gravity technology with BaCl2·2H2O and Na2CO3 as the raw materials. The changes of particle size and morphology were studied by adding different amount of EDTA, and rod-like, near-spherical and cylindrical shape BaCO3 were prepared. The BaCO3 particles were analyzed and characterized by TG/SDAT, SEM, XRD and FT-IR. The results indicated that the crystal transformation temperature and decomposition temperature of BaCO3 had increased because of EDTA addition. With the increase of EDTA amount, the shape of BaCO3 changed from irregular rod-like to near-spherical then to cylindrical shape. All different shape BaCO3 adopts orthorhombic crystal systems.     

超重原子核与新元素研究

当前,原子核物理研究的一个重要前沿是探索原子核的电荷与质量极限,研究超重原子核与超重元素的性质,以及合成超重原子核。20世纪60年代,基于量子壳效应,理论预言质子数为114、中子数为184的原子核及其相邻核具有较长的寿命,甚至可能是稳定的,形成一个超重稳定岛。这个理论预言促进了重离子加速器及相关探测设备的建造,推动了重离子物理的发展。到目前,已经合成到了118号元素,填满了元素周期表的第7行。然而,合成更重的超重元素或包含更多中子的超重原子核面临着很多挑战,需要理论与实验密切结合,探索超重原子核的性质与合成机制,以登上超重稳定岛。文章概要评述超重原子核与新元素研究。首先介绍超重原子核与超重元素研究的背景及理论预言,包括超重核存在的根源、理论预言的概况等。之后简要给出实验合成超重核取得的主要进展和新元素命名情况。关于合成更重的超重元素面临的挑战,文章将针对利用重离子熔合蒸发反应合成超重核的截面低、所合成的超重核缺中子等情况展开讨论。最后评述近年来超重原子核结构性质、衰变、裂变与合成机制等方面的理论研究进展,包括超重核区的幻数和超重岛的位置,超重核的稳定性,利用重离子熔合蒸发反应合成超重核的三步过程及其复杂性,利用多核子转移合成超重核的探索,等等。The exploration of charge and mass limits of atomic nuclei and the synthesis of long-lived or stable superheavy nuclei (SHN) are at the frontier of modern nuclear physics. In the 1960s, based on the stability originating from quantum shell effects, the possible existence of an island of stability around 298114 was predicted. This prediction advanced the construction of heavy ion accelerators and detectors and the development of heavy ion physics. So far, superheavy elements (SHE) with Z up to 118 have been synthesized via heavy ion fusion reactions in laboratories. Recently the IUPAC/IUPAP Joint Working Party (JWP) concluded that criteria for the discovery of new elements have been met for those with Z=113, 115, 117 and 118. Therefore the seventh period of the periodic table of elements is completed. To synthesize even heavier elements or more neutron-rich SHN by using heavy ion fusion reactions, one confronts many challenges. More efforts should be made to study the properties of SHN both experimentally and theoretically. In this short review on the study on SHN and SHE, we will first introduce the background and theoretical predictions of SHN, including the origin of the possible existence of SHN and the predicted island of stability of SHN, etc. Then we will present progresses made up to now concerning the synthesis of SHN and the naming of the four new elements. As for the challenges nuclear physicists confront in synthesizing even heavier SHEs, we will detail those connected with heavy ion fusion-evaporation reactions, namely, the tiny cross sections to produce SHN and the fact that only neutron-deficient SHNs can be synthesized. Finally we will discuss some theoretical progresses on the study of SHN, including the structure of SHN and proton and neutron magic numbers after 208Pb, the stability and the synthesis mechanism of SHN as well as what we should focus on in the future.     

在超重核区应用Viola-Seaborg公式研究α衰变寿命

在超重核区(Z≥104)使用文献[7—9]给出的3组参数应用Viola-Seaborg公式计算了α衰变寿命,所得结果与实验值进行比较,发现其结果与实验值相差较大。为此,利用最小二乘法分别在重核区和超重核区重新对参数进行了拟合,得到的计算结果与实验值相比符合得较理想,尤其是由超重核得到的参数的结果非常理想。     

超重核合成时的驱动势与热熔合反应截面

在双核模型框架下,双核系统生成超重复合核的机理是由双核中的弹核的核子全部转移到靶核产生的,而核子转移是由双核系统驱动势确定的.对有的反应道,核子转移与中质比变化路径之间有比较复杂的关系.原则上动力学方程与驱动势都应该是中子和质子的二维显函数.为处理方便,采用与中质比相关的核子转移路径的选择来取驱动势,得到了接近实验值的超重核合成蒸发剩余截面. 关键词： 超重核 熔合反应 驱动势 激发函数     

不对称强阻尼反应中超重碎块的产生

用改进的量子分子动力学模型研究了原子核强阻尼反应232Th +250 Cf。在入射能量范围从800-2000 MeV时,研究了反应产生的原子序数大于等于114的超重碎块的几率随入射能量的依赖情况。计算发现在不对称的强阻尼反应体系232Th +250 Cf 中超重碎块的产生几率高于在对称反应244Pu +244Pu 和 238U +238U 中超重碎块的产生几率。计算表明初级碎块的质量（电荷）分布和超重碎块的激发能分布也强烈依赖于入射能量。研究了强阻尼反应产物的衰变过程：两种不同的衰变斜率表示不同的衰变机制。它们分别相应于巨复合体系的衰变和巨复合体系的衰变碎块包括超重碎块的衰变（包含发射中子、质子和其他轻带电粒子及裂变过程）。超重碎块的衰变斜率明显低于巨复合体系的衰变斜率,可能有助于超重碎块的存活。