使用改进的形状优化方法设计高均匀度的超导MRI磁体

针对设计带铁磁的超导磁共振成像磁体,提出了一种确定类的优化算法来优化极靴的形状以达到匀场的目的。这种方法集合了灵敏度分析、形状优化的理论和有限元方法计算非线性铁磁材料极靴的配置,来改善两个极靴之间大体积成像区的磁场均匀度。需要指出的是,本优化方法不受极靴初始形状的限制,均可以快速收敛。我们通过一个紧凑型的1.2T双平面磁共振磁体,展示了这种方法。     

Phase behaviors in a binary mixture of diblock copolymers confined between two parallel walls

The phase behaviors in a binary mixture of diblock copolymers confined between two parallel walls are investigated by using a cell dynamics simulation of the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory.The morphological dependence of the wall-block interaction and the distance between walls(confinement degree) has been systematically studied,and the effect of repulsive interactions between different monomers is also discussed.It is interesting that multiple novel morphological transitions are observed by changing these factors,and various multilayered sandwich structures are formed in the mixture.Furthermore,the parametric dependence and physical reasons for the microdomain growth and orientational order transitions are discussed.From the simulation,we find that much richer morphologies can form in a binary mixture of diblock copolymers than those in a pure diblock copolymer.Our results provide an insight into the phase behaviors under parallel wall confinement and may provide guidance for experimentalists.This model system can also give a simple way to realize orientational order transition in soft materials through confinement.     

Propagation of an electromagnetic soliton in an anisotropic biquadratic ferromagnetic medium

Information storage technology based on anisotropic ferromagnets with sufficiently high magneto-optical effects has received much attention in recent years.Magneto-optical recording combines the merits of magnetic and optical techniques.We investigate the magneto-optical effects on a biquadratic ferromagnet and show that the dynamics of the system are governed by a perturbed nonlinear Schro¨dinger equation.The evolutions of amplitude and velocity of the soliton are found to be time independent,thereby admitting the lossless propagation of the electromagnetic soliton in the medium,which may have potential applications in soliton based optical communication systems.We also exploit the role of perturbation,which has a significant impact on the propagation of an electromagnetic soliton.     

The dynamics of one-dimensional random quantum XY system with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction

In this paper,the effects of random variables on the dynamics of the s = 1/2 XY model with the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction are studied.By means of the recurrence relation method in the high-temperature limit,we calculate the spin autocorrelation functions as well as the corresponding spectral densities for the cases that the exchange couplings between spins or external magnetic fields satisfy the double-Gaussian distribution.It is found that when the standard deviation of random exchange coupling δJ(or the standard deviation of random external field δB) is small,the dynamics of the system undergoes a crossover from a collective-mode behavior to a central-peak one.However,when δJ(or δB) is large,the crossover vanishes,and the system shows a central-peak behavior or the most disordered one.We also analyze the cases in which the exchange couplings or the external fields satisfy the bimodal and the Gaussian distributions.Our results show that for all the cases considered,the dynamics of the above system is similar to that of the one-dimensional random XY model.     

基于空域非均匀傅里叶变换的傅里叶望远镜

为了在稀疏发射阵列下清晰重构目标图像,提出了一种基于空域非均匀傅里叶变换(NDFT)的傅里叶望远镜信号处理方法。依据傅里叶望远镜的发射器位置与抽取的目标空间频率关系,结合MATLAB程序特点,完成了空域非均匀傅里叶逆变换,重构了目标图像。稀疏发射阵列配置方式为:T型阵列单臂放置11个发射望远镜,连续抽取目标的8个低频信息,再抽取3个高频分量。选择不同形状和灰度分布的4个卫星作为成像目标。与补零均匀快速傅里叶变换(FFT)方法重构的图像对比发现:信噪比为100 dB时,相比补零均匀FFT方法, NDFT方法重构图像的Strehl比都有所提升,最高提升了0.159 8。     

面向时间敏感型顾客的服务系统速率-成本决策模型

针对一类客户资源集中、时间敏感性强、质量要求高的服务系统决策问题,建立M/M/1排队模型,分析稳定状态下顾客参与服务系统的均衡到达率、服务价格之间的关系以及服务商最优速率.结果表明:服务速率与顾客单位时间等待成本无关,而均衡到达率和服务价格均与顾客单位等待成本呈负相关;当基准服务质量达到一定水平时,企业要提高利润就要追加投资,降低顾客等待效用,提高顾客满意度.     

激子复合区厚度对有机磁效应的影响

在常规型有机发光二极管的基础上, 通过改变发光层tri-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (III) (Alq₃)厚度, 研究了激子复合区厚度对有机发光二极管磁效应的影响.测量了器件在不同温度及偏压下电致发光及注入电流在外加磁场作用下的变化, 着重研究了低温下的有机磁电导效应和有机磁电致发光效应.实验发现, 低温(50 K)高磁场 (500 mT)下, 器件表现出随Alq₃厚度的减薄, 磁电导值由正到负再到正的非单调变化.利用磁场调控的超精细相互作用、 磁场抑制的三重态激子-电荷反应以及激子在界面的淬灭效应, 对有机磁电导在低温下表现出的现象进行了定性的解释.实验结果表明, 通过改变激子复合区的厚度, 可以实现对激子浓度的有效调节, 进而实现对有机磁电导和磁电致发光效应的调节. 该研究进一步丰富了有机磁效应的实验现象, 同时提供了一种调控有机磁效应的手段. 关键词： 激子复合区 激子浓度 有机磁电导 有机磁电致发光     

级联双稳Duffing系统的随机共振研究

研究了级联双稳Duffing系统的随机共振特性, 证明级联双稳Duffing系统变尺度系数、阻尼比和级数等参数的适当调节, 不仅可实现大参数信号的级联随机共振, 而且可优化单级双稳Duffing系统的随机共振特征, 即参数调节的级联双稳Duffing系统能实现比单级双稳Duffing系统更好的随机共振输出. 此外, 级联双稳Duffing系统对方波信号具有良好的滤波整形作用, 可用于实现含噪方波信号的波形恢复. 关键词： 级联双稳Duffing系统 随机共振 变尺度 参数调节     

ICF靶丸装配误差检测

针对激光惯性约束聚变装置中靶丸装配误差检测困难、要求精度高的特点,研制了一套用于微靶装配参数检测的测量系统。提出了一种基于激光与CCD的复合式测量方法,建立了二者数据融合的数学模型,通过标定空间位置关系有效地把二者的测量数据融合到同一个坐标系中,从而实现了高精度三维测量。分两种情况讨论了靶丸装配误差的检测方法。实验结果验证了这两种方法的可行性,并比较了两种方法的测量精度,其极限测量误差均不超过3 m。     

重力输水系统

为学习微积分的读者介绍如何将基本流体力学应用于对发展中国家非常重要的简单重力输水系统的建模。首先推导出Bernoulli方程,从而了解作为沿流线运动的流体质点压力、速度和高度之间的关系。其次,应用Bernoulli方程分析一个简单的输水系统的合力和流速。然后,对层流和湍流分别考虑分压水箱、不同直径的管道及摩擦的影响。最后,讨论在密克罗尼西亚和洪都拉斯重力输水系统的设计和安装。