超声波法提取啤酒花中总多糖的工艺

采用超声波法提取啤酒花中总多糖.采用正交试验设计,以总多糖含量为评价指标进行实验.最佳提取工艺为:超声提取2次,加12倍量的水,每次40min,超声功率为160W.本提取工艺合理,啤酒花中总多糖提取率较高.     

超声波信号渡越时间参数法测量空气中温度分布

超声波已成功在医疗、化工和无损探伤等领域得到广泛的应用。根据超声波在空气中的传播速度会随着温度改变而改变这一特点,本文把空气中的温度场作为研究对象,利用超声波信号在空气中的渡越时间参数TOF(Time of Flight)来对空气中的温度分布情况进行超声波CT画像的重建。     

Synergistic effects on iodine release in potassium iodide solution by combination of ultrasound and visible light irradiations

Iodine release in potassium iodide solution has been investigated under the irradiations of ultrasound and visible light respectively and simultaneously. We have observed that the amount of iodine liberated under the combined irradiation of ultrasound and visible light is larger than the sum of that under the respective irradiations of ultrasound and visible light, indicating a synergistic effect of ultrasound and visible light irradiations. Based on the investigation of the reaction kinetics of iodine liberated, we have ascribed the synergistic effect to the perfect stirring of the photochemical reactor induced by the applying simultaneous ultrasound. The ideal stirring can result in the homogenization of the primary light effect in the whole reaction medium, which induces the acceleration of the photochemical reaction. On behavior of our knowledge, there are few reports on the investigations of utilizing the combination of ultrasonic energy and light energy to accelerate the reaction yield and rate as well as the kinetics of the reaction.     

超声波电机的原理与应用

 超声波电机(Ultrasonic Motor，USM )是国外近20年发展起来的一种新型电机。事实上，在超声波电机问世之前，已有以压电效应进行驱动的电机，但其频率并不局限于超声波范围内。早在1984年，威廉和布朗就申请了“压电马达”的美国的专利；1964年，前苏联基辅理工学院设计了第一个压电旋转电机；1970～1972年西门子和松下发明了压电步进电机，不过因为无法达到较大的输出转矩而没能实际应用。1980年日本指田年生研制成超声波压电电动机（即现代意义上的超声波电动机），克服了传统压电电动机转换效率低和变位微小的缺陷，使压电电动机进入工业实用阶段。     

Characterizing the properties of ultrasonics propagating on the surface of materials with defect by Laser-ultrasonics method

A laser ultrasonics method is used to characterize the propagation properties of surface wave traveling on the surface of materials with sub-surface defect in 2D.Linear and nonlinear propagation properties of ultrasonics caused by the defects have been detected in experiment. A theoretical model is proposed and used to study the linear and nonlinear properties of ultrasonics caused by the defect.The numerical results indicate that the nonlinear ultrasonic wave will be excited when a finite amplitude ultrasonics propagates on the surface of materials with sub-surface defect.The theoretical analysis confirms that the nonlinear wave is caused by the "clapping"of the interface of defect instead of the mode conversions of ultrasonics.     

The simulation of ultrasonic beams with a Gaussian beam equivalent point source model

Point Sources and Gaussian beams are used frequently as fundamental building blocks for developing ultrasonic beam models. Both these models have different weaknesses that limit their effectiveness. Here, we will show that one can develop a Gaussian Beam Equivalent Point Source （GBEPS） model that removes those weaknesses and combines the accuracy and versatility of the point source models with much of the speed and well-behaved nature of Gaussian beam models. We will demonstrate the efficiency and versatility of this new GBEPS model in simulating the beams generated from ultrasonic phased arrays, using as few as one Gaussian beam per element of the array. A single element GBEPS model will be shown to be as accurate as a point source model even when substantial beam focusing or steering is present in the array or where the array beam is transmitted through an interface. At the same time the GBEPS model will be shown to be several orders of magnitude faster than the point source model.     

CD-1型气介式超声波测距仪

上海超声波仪器厂最近研制成功的CD-1超声波测距仪,体积小,集成度高,可靠性好.耗电量小,功能全,使用简便.它以空气为媒介,非接触地遥测距离.它可广泛应用于自动控制系统中.如距离跟踪仪,位移控制器,行车防撞器,汽车倒车指示器,多种防盗设备,各种遥控开关和遥测装置等. 本仪器不仅能自动遥测数字显示距离,还可根据用户要求在0.5—9.9m的范围内输出随距离而连续变化的电压、BCD码、CP脉冲和定点(定距离)的开关信号,以满足各种自动控制设备的特殊需要. 本仪器的特点:体积小 39×20×130(mm~3);功耗低 整机耗电0.03W;无极性供电 首创无极性供     

声全息技术

 声全息是利用声波干涉获得被观察物体声场全部信息的声成像技术。20世纪60年代中期,为了检测和显示对于可见光和X射线来说是不透明物质的结构特性,人们提出用声波代替光波的声全息技术的研究,并且迅速地得到发展和应用。声全息在原理上与光全息完全相同。     

超声动载荷下三维随机骨料混凝土的损伤

混凝土是一种由粗骨料与水泥砂浆组成的非均质复合材料。本研究利用APDL语言程序编写三维水泥混凝土骨料随机投放程序并导入ABAQUS中,同时赋予各相材料塑性损伤本构关系来研究混凝土动态加载下的破坏规律,运用超声波在混凝土破碎中的作用机理对混凝土动态损伤破坏过程进行模拟研究。结果表明:随着超声动态载荷的增大,粗骨料体积分数为40%的混凝土始终能够承受最大应力载荷;随着超声应力波幅值增大,混凝土在动载荷下的损伤值逐渐增大,且粗骨料体积分数为40%时,其抗损伤能力最优;当粗骨料最大粒径逐渐增大,或者当粗骨料最小粒径增大,混凝土级配不合理导致性能不稳定,更易损伤破坏。     

读者来信摘登

安康学院的方小兵老师来信指出：在《物理实验》2006年第2期上，关于“超声波波型转换与表面波的检测”一文中，出现波形与波型混用．波形和波型，虽然都是用来描述波的性质，但两者没有任何因果关系，波形由波源的振动决定，由示波器来显示，波型则是通过测量声速来判定，它的类型由波源和介质共同决定且在介面上能发生波型转换．