基于改性电解液实现超稳定V6O13水系锌离子电池的研究

钒基氧化物材料因其高比容量而成为水系锌离子电池正极材料主要候选者,然而却面临在传统水系电解液中的溶解问题。通过构建水-磷酸三甲酯(TMP)复合电解液新体系1 mol/kg Zn(CF₃SO₃)₂-20%(wt)H₂O-80%(wt)TMP,不仅显著抑制钒基材料的溶解,而且降低水系电解液的凝固点到-46℃,拓展了水系锌离子电池工作温度范围。基于构建的新电解液体系,组装的Zn|V₆O₁₃全电池在常温下以0.1 A/g的电流密度稳定循环1 800 h后,仍具有423.4 mAh/g的高比容量,能量密度高达302.4 Wh/kg;而且在-40℃低温环境中,以0.1 A/g的电流密度循环500圈后,放电容量保持在83.8 m Ah/g。     

离子选择电极—流动注射分析法动力学测定葡萄糖存在下的果糖

本文将离子电极与流动注射分析相结合，利用３０℃下，在强碱性介质中，果糖和葡萄糖与２，４－二硝基酚钠反应速度明显差异，动力学测定了葡萄糖存在下果糖的含量。自制了２，４－二硝基酚电极作为动力学电位测定用的工作电极。本法测定果糖的范围为０．０２～１．００ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，其ＲＳＤ为４．０％～４．９％，ＲＥ为１．０～５．０％；当Ｃ葡／Ｃ果≤３倍时，葡萄糖的干扰不超过５％；本法也曾成功地用于果葡萄浆测定，其ＲＳＤ     

蜂王信息素的改进合成

早在50年代,Butler等^[1]发现蜂王的上颚腺能分泌一种影响工蜂活动的物质,并提出了蜂群是靠蜂王分泌的该种化学物质传递各种个体间的信息的论断,Barbier等^[2]测定其结构为9-氧代-2E-癸烯酸1(蜂王物质),并首次进行了人工合成.     

碱性燃料电池Co-N/C复合催化剂的电化学性能

碳黑经过酸处理后再加入醋酸钴经氨气900 ℃热处理后, 以其制备的气体扩散电极在6 mol•L^―1 KOH溶液中对氧还原反应(ORR)的电催化性能得到大大提高. XRD物相分析表明: 碳粉中加入醋酸钴经氨气热处理生成了氮化钴(Co_5.47N). 通过极化曲线和交流阻抗方法对制备的气体扩散电极在空气中的性能进行了研究. 室温时在－0.2 V (vs. Hg/HgO)电位下, 未经处理的碳电极对氧还原基本没有电流产生; 用酸处理后的碳电极在空气中的电流密度提高到57 mA•cm^―2; 而Co-N/C复合电极在同样条件下电流密度可达170 mA•cm^―2, 交流阻抗显示氮化物的生成减小了氧还原反应的阻抗, 增强了对氧还原反应的电催化作用.     

质子交换膜燃料电池MnO2-Pt/C复合催化剂阴极的富氧作用

质子交换膜燃料电池空气电极阴极催化剂的富氧作用是提高其性能的关键.应用化学氧化法制备MnO2-Pt/C复合催化剂,研究MnO2的富氧作用,应用CV、CP、TEM等方法表征该催化剂,并组装成单电池测试其性能.     

Comparison of Mechanisms of N-Nitrosation and N-Nitration of Ammonia and Dimethylamine by Reactive Nitrogen Oxygen Species: A Theoretical Study

Reactive nitrogen oxygen species(RNOS) implicate damage in biological systems,especially leading to inflammation,neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases,and cancer by altering the functions of biomolecules through the N-nitrosation and N-nitration reactions.The mechanisms of N-nitrosation and N-nitration reactions of ammonia and dimethylamine by RNOS,i.e.,N2O3,N2O4,N2O5 and ONOOH,were investigated at the CBS-QB3 level of theory.The computational results indicate that the N-nitrosation reaction prefers a concerted mechanism,in which a H-abstraction and ON-addition occur simultaneously,whereas a stepwise mechanism(also called a free radical mechanism) is more favorable for most nitrating agents in the N-nitration reaction,where NO2 first abstracts a hydrogen atom from the nitrogen of amines and then the induced intermediate reacts with NO2 once more to form the nitration products.However,the concerted pathway is still a feasible process for some nitrating agents such as N2O5.In addition,the relationship between the structures of different RNOS and their nitrosating or nitrating abilities was also investigated.     

Theoretical Study of Small Water Clusters of Sulfur Dioxide

The intermolecular clusters of sulfur dioxide with water, SO2(H2O)n (n = 2～5), are studied by using B3LYP density functional theory and MP2 ab initio methods along with the large basis sets (6-311++G(d,p) and aug-cc-pVDZ). The equilibrium geometries, intermolecular binding energies, and anharmonic frequencies of the clusters are calculated and compared with those of pure water clusters and available experiments. SO2 tends to form cyclic hydrogen-bonded complexes with two or three water molecules. In the larger clusters, however, water molecules begin to retain the structure of pure water clusters and segregate from SO2. Infrared absorption assignments for the small clusters are discussed to resolve a possible incorrect assignment in a recent spectroscopic experiment on the clusters.