物理教学应加强科学思维能力的培养

 物理教学要适应现代教育的改革要求,进一步强化素质教育,最主要的是对学生进行科学素质的教育。强调科学素质教育的目的,就是使学生在物理学习中受到科学方法、科学思维和科学态度等方面的训练,使他们以后从事任何职业都受益无穷,因此,在物理教学中加强对学生科学思维能力的培养势在必行。一、培养科学思维能力是物理教学的基本任务物理知识本身的特点就决定了物理教学对学生的思维能力有较高的要求。在全日制中学物理教学大纲中就明确提出：“在整个高中物理教学中都要注意对学生进行抽象思维的训练。”     

物理学史于教学中的作用

 在深化素质教育的今天,科学文化素质的培养是素质教育的基础。物理学史是自然科学与社会科学的交叉,是科学与人文的融合。通过对物理学史的学习,不但能加深对物理学基本概念和基本规律的认识,而且可以从前人的经验教训中得到启示,从而更好地指导工作和学习。一、激发学生的学习兴趣在教学过程中,抓住学生的注意力是保证教学质量的重要一环。如果将物理课变成理论公式课,势必使课堂气氛沉闷,学生失去学习兴趣。“兴趣是最好的老师”,学生兴趣高涨,注意力必然集中。比如在《狭义相对论》这一章学习前,可以先介绍爱因斯坦的1905年。     

PuH_2分子的分析势能函数研究

在相对论有效原子实势近似下 ,用B3LYP密度泛函方法计算优化出PuH2 分子基态的结构参数 ,离解能和力常数。采用多体展式方法 ,导出PuH2 分子基态 (X7A1)的分析势能函数 ,获得的势能面正确地复现出PuH2 分子的平衡结构特征。     

反应(Cl+HBr→HCl+Br和Cl+HBr→BrCl+H)机理和速率的密度泛函理论研究

用密度泛函理论（DFT）B3LYP方法,在6－311G＊＊基组下,计算研究了反应CI+HBr→HCI+Br和CI+HBr→BrCI+的机理,求得的各过渡态均通过振动分析加以确认。运用求得的反应活化能,以及不同温度下过渡态和反应络合物的配分函数,借助绝对反应速率理论求得50－1500K的反应速率常数。     

频率啁啾激光场中锂原子的激发与态囚禁

采用含时多态展开方法,对不同频率啁啾激光场中里德堡锂原子布居数的相干迁移特性进行了计算研究。结果表明：布居数跃迁几率对激光脉冲形状、激光场强度、啁啾率等参数非常敏感,在合适的激光参数下,可以实现布居数在四个量子态之间的完全迁移和量子态的囚禁。     

BeO高压相变和声子谱的第一性原理计算

采用第一性原理方法计算了BeO在零温时的高压相变和三种结构在零温零压时的声子谱.相变的计算表明,在122GPa左右的压力下BeO会发生从纤锌矿(B4)结构到氯化钠(B1)结构的相变,而闪锌矿(B3)结构在零温零压下是一种可能的亚稳态结构.采用冷声子方法计算了这三种结构的BeO在零温零压下的声子谱.计算结果表明:B1结构在零温零压下是一种不稳定的结构;尽管B4结构和B3结构具有明显的相似性,仍然可以通过声子谱来很好的区分.最后根据准简谐近似理论计算得到了BeO的高温高压相图.     

Characteristics of Flow around an Impulsively Rotating Square Cylinder via LB-DF/FD Method

Flow around an impulsively rotating square cylinder in a viscous fluid in range of 1 ≤ Re ≤ 300 is numerically investigated by the previously developed LB-DF/FD method, which combines the lattilce Boltzmann method （LBM） and direct-forcing fictitious domain （DF/FD） scheme. Results show that in total three kinds of transient characteristics depending on Re are observed： 1 ≤ Re ≤ 20, four vortices arising from the corners of the square cylinder separate from the surfaces and gradually become stable without vortex integration or shedding; 20 ≤ Re 〈 100, vortices integration is observed when they grow long enough, then separated from each other; Re ≥ 100, vortex shedding takes place in this regime. The shedding vortex joins the downstream vortex to form a new one. It is also found that vortex shedding happens more than one time when Re ≥ 160. Furthermore, each vortex shedding induces a fluctuation in the torque exerted on the cylinder.     

Differential and Integral Cross Sections for Electron Impact Excitation of Lithium

The differential and integral cross sections for electron impact excitation of lithium from the ground state 1s22s to excited states 1s22p, 1s23l （l=s, p, d） and 1s24l （l=s, p, d, f）at incident energies ranging from 5 eV to 25 eV are calculated by using a full relativistic distorted wave method. The target state wavefunctions are calculated by using the Grasp92 code. The continuum orbitals are computed in the distorted-wave approximation, in which the direct and exchange potentials among all the electrons are included. A part of the cross sections are compared with the available experimental data and with the previous theoretical values. It is found that, for the integral cross sections, the present calculations are in good agreement with the time-independent distorted wave method calculation, for differential cross sections, our results agree with the experimental data very well.     

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介绍了计算伏秒消耗的玻印亭方法,并通过扫描等离子体电流爬升率对伏秒消耗进行了优化分析。分析结果对EAST装置长脉冲稳态放电提供一定的参考。     

Investigation of the Potts Model on Triangular Lattices by the Second Renormalization of Tensor Network States

We employ the second renormalization group method of tensor-network states to investigate thermodynamic properties of the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic Potts model on triangular lattices. From the temperature dependence of the internal energy and the specific heat, both the critical temperatures and critical exponents are evaluated. For the q = 3 antiferromagnetic Potts model, the critical temperature is found to be Tc = 0.627163±0.000003, which is at least one order of magnitude more accurate than that obtained by other methods.