透过率起伏光谱分析法测粒技术

提出的透过率起伏光谱分析法是一种新的颗粒测量方法。采用一细小光束照射匀速流动的颗粒系统,通过采集透射光起伏信号,经统计处理得到透过率的平均值与起伏谱。通过求解逆问题,从透过率的起伏谱中得到颗粒粒径分布信息,再结合透过率的平均值得到颗粒的体积分数信息。给出了关于单层颗粒透过率的平均值与起伏谱的理论表达式,并推广到三维单分散和多分散的颗粒系统。对粒径在32~425μm内的稀薄颗粒系进行了部分实验测试和模拟计算,结果表明该方法可同时对颗粒粒径分布和体积分数进行有效测量。     

双层散射介质的单次后向散射光谱分析

从上皮组织的结构特点出发,基于米氏(Mie)散射理论,建立了双层散射介质的单次后向散射光谱的理论模型,该模型通过偏振门屏蔽来自下层的噪声背景,只保留来自上层的单次散射光。计算分析了粒子的形态学参量如平均尺寸及其分布、相对折射率变化时,单次散射光谱的特征。并用傅里叶波形分析法研究了这些参量对单次后向散射光谱曲线形状及其谐波幅值的影响。结果表明,这些只经历了表层粒子单次散射的光谱信号对表层粒子的平均尺寸及其分布、相对折射率具有灵敏性。对光谱曲线波纹结构的幅值、频率,散射强度,光谱谐波的幅值有直接的影响。研究结果对早期癌症的散射光谱特征识别及其特征提取有重要的实用价值。     

用锌有机源和CO2/H2混合气源PECVD沉积ZnO薄膜

在等离子体作用下,以CO2/H2混合气为氧源,Zn(C2H5)2锌为锌源,在单晶硅上生长出高度择优取向的氧化锌薄膜。X射线衍射分析表明,薄膜为六方结构,c轴高度择优;原子力显微镜观察到晶粒是有规律地按六方排布,薄膜的表面粗糙度较小;从光致发光谱还发现在380 nm处有非常强的紫外峰。     

掺铥氟磷玻璃的结构、热学性质和光谱性质

制备了不同Al(PO3)3含量的掺铥系列氟磷玻璃,研究了其结构、热稳定性和光谱性质。随着Al(PO3)3含量的增加,该系列玻璃的密度降低,折射率增加,差热分析表明,转变温度、析晶起始温度、析晶峰温度和熔化温度增加。Al(PO3)3摩尔浓度在7%~9%时析晶稳定性最佳。采用归一化的拉曼光谱分析了材料的结构和声子状况,对于该系列氟磷玻璃,Al(PO3)3含量的增加不会影响声子能量,但使声子密度增大。测试了样品的吸收光谱,Tm3 的3H6→3F4在第三通信窗口的L波段有明显吸收。与在其它玻璃基质中相比,Tm3 的3F4能级对应能量偏高,3H4能级对应能量偏低,使得3H4→3F4跃迁波长较大,接近于增益迁移光纤放大器的放大波长。扎得奥菲而特(Judd-Ofelt)理论分析表明随着Al(PO3)3含量增加,离子强度参量Ω2增大,Ω6保持相对稳定,Tm3 的能级寿命降低。     

PDT光敏剂HA在不同液相体系下的光谱特性研究

为了对候选光敏剂竹红菌甲素(HA)进行改性并保持其优异的敏化特性,对HA的光谱特性和激发态性质作了进一步的指认。系统研究了HA在不同液相体系下的吸收和荧光光谱,对指认HA的光谱和电子跃迁的机制提出了新的依据,结果表明,吸收带I产生于π-π*跃迁,吸收带Ⅱ和Ⅲ产生于P-π共轭所导致的L→aπ跃迁的电子振动结构;荧光发射带I和Ⅱ是产生于同一跃迁机制S1(L,aπ)→S0的正常荧光的振动结构。     

聚四氟乙烯材料表面激光改性与刻蚀

利用波长为248 nm的准分子激光束在不同激光能量密度下照射聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)材料的表面,并用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、拉曼(Raman)光谱等手段对激光处理前后样品的表面形貌、化学成分和结构进行测量和分析,进而对激光与聚四氟乙烯相互作用的机理进行了研究。实验结果表明,激光辐照使聚四氟乙烯表面产生去氟效应,导致表面碳化、分子链的交联以及含氧基团的产生,随着激光能量密度的增加,C=C双键逐渐形成。这些结构的变化可以导致表面硬度和粘结性增强。激光能量密度的大小对照射后样品表面的物理性质和化学结构有着重要的影响,它是聚合物表面激光改性和烧蚀的关键因素。     

355nm Nd∶YAG激光在H_2中的高效一级斯托克斯转换

对脉冲Nd∶YAG激光(355 nm)在H2和H2∶He-Ar混合气体中的受激拉曼散射(SRS)进行了研究。在0.5 MPa的氢气中,同时测量到从二级反斯托克斯到三级斯托克斯的多波长输出,其总转化效率达88%;而高压下只剩下一级和二级斯托克斯输出,其中二级斯托克斯最大能量转化效率达44%(对应量子效率为63%)。由于高级斯托克斯的竞争,纯氢气中一级斯托克斯的最大能量转换效率不超过43%。通过向3 MPa氢气中掺入2 MPaAr气后,很好地抑制了二级斯托克斯的产生,从而获得了能量转换效率高达71%(对应量子效率为83%)的一级斯托克斯输出。对四波混频和级联受激拉曼散射在氢气多级斯托克斯产生中的作用以及惰性气体对它们的影响进行了讨论。     

Measurement of the Seperation between Atoms beyond Diffraction Limit

We propose a scheme to obtain the distance of two identical atoms placed inside the standing wave field by monitoring the collective resonance fluorescence spectrum emitted by the two particles. We find three different parameter ranges, depending on the distance of the atoms as compared to the transition wavelength. For large interparticle distances, dipole-dipole coupling is negligible, and the main system evolution arises from the interaction with the standing wave field. In the small-distance limit, the dynamics is dominated by the dipole-dipole interaction. Finally, in the intermediate region, a rich interplay of the various couplings arises, which however is lifted for strong driving laser fields. The present measurement procedure allows us to distinguish the three cases. In each of the cases, we show how to determine the distance of the two particles and their respective positions relative to the nodes of the standing wave field with fractional-wavelength precision.     

Enhanced Raman Scattering by Quasi-phase-matched Processes in ax^（2） Photonic Crystal

An intense comb-shaped Raman spectra were obtained from a two-dimensional nonlinear x（2） photonic crystal - a hexagonally poled LiTaO3 crystal with lattice parameter 9 micros. The lowest Raman shift was down to 2 cm^-1 and the order of anti-stokes and stokes signals both achieved 11. The novel Raman spectra were mediated first by intense phonon-polariton fields, which were driven through the quasi-phase-matched coupling between the incident dual-beam both from an optical parametric oscillation laser, and further amplified greatly also by such quasi-phasematched nonlinear optical process. The dependence of the Raman spectra character on the wavelength and intensity of incident beams were studied in detail, which accordingly revealed information of the inelastic scattering and the elementary excitation in the nonlinear medium. These results on the other hand suggest technological importance for developing a novel Raman laser with the multi-wavelength output and a tunable frequency interval and for possible applications in quantum optics.     

Thermal Rate Constants of the N（^4S）＋O2（X^3∑g^-） → NO（X^2Ⅱ） ＋O（^3P） Reaction on the ^2A′ Potential Energy Surface

A quasiclassical trajectory study with the sixth-order explicit symplectic algorithm for the N（^4S）＋O2（X^3∑g^-） → NO（X^2Ⅱ） ＋O（^3P） reaction has been reported by employing a new ground potential energy surface. We have discussed the influence of the relative translational energy, the vibrational and rotational levels of O2 molecules on the total reaction cross section. Thermal rate constants at temperatures 300, 600, and 1000 K determined in this work for the reaction are 4.4 × 10^7, 1.8 × 10^10, and 3.1 × 10^11 cm^3mol^-1s^-1, respectively. It is found that they are in better agreement with the experimental data than previous theoretical values.