A simulation study of microstructure evolution during solidification process of liquid metal Ni

A molecular dynamics simulation study has been performed for the microstructure evolution in a liquid metal Ni system during crystallization process at two cooling rates by adopting the embedded atom method (EAM) model potential. The bond-type index method of Honeycutt--Andersen (HA) and a new cluster-type index method (CTIM-2) have been used to detect and analyse the microstructures in this system. It is demonstrated that the cooling rate plays a critical role in the microstructure evolution: below the crystallization temperature $T_{\rm c}$, the effects of cooling rate are very remarkable and can be fully displayed. At different cooling rates of $2.0\times10^{13}$\,K\,$\cdot$\,s$^{-1}$ and $1.0\times10^{12}$\,K\,$\cdot$\,s$^{-1}$, two different kinds of crystal structures are obtained in the system. The first one is the coexistence of the hcp (expressed by (12 0 0 0 6 6) in CTIM-2) and the fcc (12 0 0 0 12 0) basic clusters consisting of 1421 and 1422 bond-types, and the hcp basic cluster becomes the dominant one with decreasing temperature, the second one is mainly the fcc (12 0 0 0 12 0) basic clusters consisting of 1421 bond-type, and their crystallization temperatures $T_{\rm c}$ would be 1073 and 1173\,K, respectively.     

First-principles study on the electronic structure and optical properties of T12Cd2（SO4）3 and Rb2Cd2（SO4）3

With the help of ab initio full-potential linearized augmented plane wave （FPLAPW） method, calculating the electronic structure and linear optical properties is carried out for XCd2（SO4）3 （X =Tl, Rb）. The results show that Tl2Cd2（SO4）3 （TlCdS） has a larger band gap than Rb2Cd2（SO4）3 （RbCdS） and the energy bands for RbCdS are more dispersive than those of TlCdS. From their partial densities of states （PDOS）, we have observed that the hybridization between S ionic 2p and O atomic 2p orbitals forms SO4 ionic groups. The remarkable difference between RbCdS and TlCdS is, however, the degree of hybridization between cation （Tl and Rb） and its surrounding oxygen atoms. In the view of quantum chemistry, the strong p-d hybridization indicates the existence of their cation ionic bonds （Cd-O, Rb-O, and Tl-O）. The calculations of TlCdS and RbCdS show their optical properties to be less anisotropic. Their anisotropies in the optical properties mainly occur in a low photon energy region of 5-16 eV.     

第一性原理研究SinB(n=1～12)团簇的稳定性

基于密度泛函理论(DFT),我们研究了SinB(n=1～12)团簇的稳定性.结果表明:SinB的基态构型是在Sin-1B的基态或亚稳态构型上带帽一个Si原子而得到;随着团簇尺寸的增大,B原子逐渐从吸附在Sin团簇的表面位置移动到Sin团簇笼内;掺杂B原子提高了纯硅团簇的稳定性;电子总是从Si向B转移,B原子所带的电荷数不仅与B原子的配位数有关,还与SinB团簇的基态结构密切相关.     

ReSi1.75电子结构的第一性原理研究

基于第一性原理全势线性缀加平面波方法和局域密度近似(LDA),对ReSi1.75的基态晶格属性进行了研究.结构优化的结果表明,ReSi1.75的基态平衡晶格常数比实验值小约0.6%.在LDA计算基础上,考虑局域的Re的d电子库仑作用,用LDA+U方法计算了ReSi1.75的电子结构,发现当Ueff=U-J=4.4 eV时,能带结构呈半导体性质.具有0.12 ev的间接能隙和0.36 ev的直接能隙.有效质量计算结果表明,ReSi1.75晶体具有强烈的各向异性.Resi1.75的态密度在费米能级附近变化剧烈,通过掺杂改变材料的费米能级位置,有望提高材料的热电性能.     

小世界网络与无标度网络的社区结构研究

模块性(modularity)是度量网络社区结构(community structure)的主要参数.探讨了Watts和Strogatz的小世界网络(简称W-S模型)以及Barabàsi 等的B-A无标度网络(简称B-A模型)两类典型复杂网络模块性特点.结果显示，网络模块性受到网络连接稀疏的影响，W-S模型具有显著的社区结构，而B-A模型的社区结构特征不明显.因此，应用中应该分别讨论网络的小世界现象和无标度特性.社区结构不同于小世界现象和无标度特性，并可以利用模块性区别网络类型，因此网络复杂性指标应该包括 关键词： 模块性 社区结构 小世界网络 无标度网络     

甾族化合物~(13)CNMR谱化学位移定量构谱关系的研究

利用原子电性距离矢量(Atomic Electro-negativity Distance Vector,AEDV)和原子杂化状态指数(Atomic Hybridization State Index,AHSI)对203个甾族化合物中4434个碳原子进行结构表征并与其核磁共振碳谱(13CNMR)建立多元线性定量结构波谱相关(QSSR)模型,同时运用逐步回归结合统计检测对模型变量进行筛选,最后采用内部及外部双重验证的办法对所得模型稳定性能进行深入分析和检验,建模计算值、留一法(leave-one-out,LOO)交互校验(cross-validation,CV)预测值和外部样本预测值的复相关系数(R)分别为0.9574、0.9571和0.9537.其结果表明,AEDV,AHSI与13CNMR谱化学位移显著相关.     

Structural and Optical Properties of Zinc Nitride Films Prepared by Pulsed Filtered Cathodic Vacuum Arc Deposition

Polycrystalline zinc nitride films are deposited on Coming 7059 glass substrates by pulsed filtered cathodic vacuum arc deposition （PFCVAD）. The crystallographic structure is studied by means of x-ray diffraction. These measurements show that all the films are crystallized in the cubic structure, in a preferred orientation along the （332） and （631） directions. Weak XRD signal shows small crystallites distributed in an amorphous tissue. A small improvement of crystallinity is observed with annealing. Optical parameters such as absorption, energy band gap, Urbach tail, extinction coefficients have been determined. The Urbach tail energy is decreased with annealing at 500℃ for one hour. Energy band gap values are found to be increased by annealing.     

残留偶极耦合及其在蛋白质结构研究中的应用

近年来溶液中残留偶极耦合常数被用来获取生物大分子化学键之间相对取向等长程构象约束条件,用于计算或优化蛋白质及其复合物的三维空间结构. 介绍了用异核多维NMR技术测量残留偶极耦合常数的方法,及其在蛋白质结构计算中的一些应用：优化蛋白质溶液结构,评价蛋白质结构质量,确定蛋白质结构域取向,获取有关配体的构象和取向的信息,在缺乏NOE数据时构建蛋白质结构等.      

13C NMR在新型灵芝三萜类化合物的应用

高等真菌灵芝属的子实体作为著名的中药,灵芝三萜类化合物是中药灵芝主要活性化学成分,近年来灵芝三萜类化合物仍然不断被大量发现, 而且结构越来越新奇. 本文总结了10年来文献报道灵芝三萜化合物的¹³C NMR化学位移,找出了一些规律, 对进行灵芝三萜化合物类结构的研究,将提供十分便捷的途径.