O~(2+)离子穿过碳膜引起的前后表面电子发射

测量了入射能为1.9~11.3 keV/u的O~(2+)离子穿过碳膜诱导的前向、后向(分别对应出射表面和入射表面)电子发射产额。实验中,通过改变入射离子的能量和流强,系统地研究了电子能损和离子束流强度对前向、后向电子发射产额的影响。结果表明,在本实验的能量范围内,前向、后向电子发射产额与对应表面的电子能损有近似的正比关系,而与束流强度无关。分析还发现引起后向电子发射的动能阈值约为0.2 keV/u,势能电子发射产额约为1 e~-/ion。     

Study on diffraction characteristics of a planar diamond waveguide

A numerical simulation is performed to study the far-field diffraction properties of planar diamond waveguides.The far-field intensity distributions of a planar air waveguide and a diamond waveguide with different distances are given by numerical calculations.In the experiment,the diffraction patterns on the screen with different distances are recorded using a He-Ne laser as the light source,wherein the laser beam is coupled with and propagates in the diamond waveguide.The simulation results are found to be consistent with the experimental ones.     

Practical high-speed light source for decoy-state quantum key distribution

High-speed light source is realized for decoy-state quantum key distribution(QKD) at telecom wavelength of 1.55 μm. By implementing two different electrical pulses together and triggering with 100 MHz pseudorandom number to drive the laser diode, the signal-state and the decoy-state pulses are prepared with identical pulse duration of 25 ps and similar spectral characteristics, avoiding the eavesdropper's attack by temporal and spectral analysis. The intensity fluctuation of the light source is quantified to satisfy the practical decoy-state QKD with random intensity error. The characteristics of the light source are analyzed with a high-speed single-photon detector.     

Speckle intensity images of target based on Monte Carlo method

Speckle intensity in the detector plane is deduced in the free-space optical system and imaging system based on Van Cittert-Zemike theorem. The speckle intensity images of plane target and conical target are obtained by using the Monte Carlo method and measured experimentally. The results show that when the range extent of target is smaller, the speckle size along the same direction become longer, and the speckle size increase with increasing incident light wavelengths. The speckle size increases and the speckle intensity images of target is closer to the actual object when the aperture scale augments. These findings are useful to access the target information by speckle in laser radar systems.     

Ferromagnetic-insulators-modulated transport properties on the surface of a topological insulator

Transport properties on the surface of a topological insulator （TI） under the modulation of a two-dimensional （2D） ferromagnet/ferromagnet junction are investigated by the method of wave function matching. The single ferromagnetic barrier modulated transmission probability is expected to be a periodic function of the polarization angle and the planar rotation angle, that decreases with the strength of the magnetic proximity exchange increasing. However, the transmission probability for the double ferromagnetic insulators modulated n-n junction and n-p junction is not a periodic function of polarization angle nor planar rotation angle, owing to the combined effects of the double ferromagnetic insulators and the barrier potential. Since the energy gap between the conduction band and the valence band is narrowed and widened respectively in ranges of 0 ≤ 0 〈π/2 and r/2 〈 0 ≤ π, the transmission probability of the n-n junction first increases rapidly and then decreases slowly with the increase of the magnetic proximity exchange strength. While the transmission probability for the n-p junction demonstrates an opposite trend on the strength of the magnetic proximity exchange because the band gaps contrarily vary. The obtained results may lead to the possible realization of a magnetic/electric switch based on TIs and be useful in further understanding the surface states of TIs.     

Systematically investigating the polarization gradient cooling in an optical molasses of ultracold cesium atoms

We systematically investigate the polarization gradient cooling （PGC） process in an optical molasses of ultracold cesium atoms. The SR mode for changing the cooling laser, which means that the cooling laser frequency is stepped to the setting value while its intensity is ramped, is found to be the best for the PGC, compared with other modes studied. We verify that the heating effect of the cold atoms, which appears when the cooling laser intensity is lower than the saturation intensity, arises from insufficient polarization gradient cooling. Finally, an exponential decay function with a statistical explanation is introduced to explain the dependence of the cold atom temperature on the PGC interaction time.     

Effect of noncircular orifice plates on the near flow field of turbulent free jets

In this paper, we experimentally investigate the near-field flow characteristics of turbulent free jets respectively issued from circular, triangular, diamond, rectangular, and notched-rectangular orifice plates into air surroundings. All the orifice plates have identical opening areas or equivalent diameters（De） and their aspect ratios（AR） range from 1 to 6.5. Planar particle image velocimetry（PIV） is used to measure the velocity field at the same Reynolds number of Re = 5 × 10^4,where Re = Ue De/ν with Ue being the exit bulk velocity and ν the kinematic viscosity of fluid. The mean and turbulent velocity fields of all the five jets are compared in detail. Results show that the noncircular jets can enhance the entrainment rate, reflected by the higher acceleration rates of mean velocity decay and spread, shorten the length of the unmixed core,expedite the increase of turbulent intensity compared with the circular counterpart shortened unmixed core, and increase turbulent intensity comparing to the circular counterpart. Among the five jets, the rectangular jet（AR = 6.5） produces the greatest decay rate of the near-field mean velocity, postpones the position at which the 鈥榓xis-switching鈥檖henomenon occurs. This supports that axis switching phenomenon strongly depends on jet initial conditions. In addition, the hump in the centerline variation of the turbulence intensity is observed in the rectangular and triangular jets, but not in the circular jet, nor in diamond jet nor in notched-rectangular jet.     

Dynamics of the Kuramoto Model with Bimodal Frequency Distribution on Complex Networks

We introduce a piecewise uniform frequency distribution to model a symmetrical bimodal natural frequency distribution and investigate the dynamics in the Kuramoto model on complex networks. We find that the scenario of the synchronization transition depends on the network topology. For an ER network, the incoherent state, standing wave states and stationary synchronous states are encountered successively with the increase of the coupling strength. However, for an SF network, there exists another type of synchronous states, traveling wave states, between the standing wave states and the stationary synchronous states.     

新型热电子发电机

<正>德国和美国的研究人员开发出一种将热或光转换成电能的新型热电子发电机。新的设计克服了"空间电荷效应问题",这个问题阻碍着实用设备的研制。新型发电机的效率大约是以前的发电机效率的4倍。这种新技术可应用于太阳能发电及废热利用等方面。热电子发电机利用由真空隔开的两块金属板之间的温差来将热或光转换成电流。热的那块金属板由入射光或热传导来加热,使得电子从金属板的表面蒸发     

双光束激光处理水溶液对ICP发射光谱的增强作用

为了改变水溶液的物理性质, 提高ICP发射光谱的辐射强度, 实验采用波长为976 nm的近红外激光和10.6 μm的CO2激光正交辐照水溶液, 研究了不同激光功率密度和辐照时间对水溶液表面张力和粘度的影响, 也探讨了处理后水溶液对ICP光谱强度的增强作用。实验结果表明, 在976 nm激光功率密度为0.265 7 W·cm-2, CO2激光为0.2069 W·cm-2以及辐照时间为40 min条件下, 水溶液的表面张力和粘度比未进行激光处理时的分别减小了42.13%和14.03%, 而雾化效率升高了51.26%。将优化条件下激光处理的水溶液引入ICP光源后发现, 样品元素As, Cd, Cr, Hg和Pb的光谱强度比水溶液未处理时的分别提高了46.29%, 94.65%, 30.76%, 33.07%和94.58%, 信背比分别增大了43.84%, 85.35%, 28.71%, 34.37%和90.91%;等离子体温度和电子密度也分别升高了5.94%和1.18%。可见, 双光束激光正交辐照水溶液的方法能够明显降低水溶液的表面张力和粘度, 提高ICP光源的辐射强度, 这为顺利检测水样品中痕量重金属元素创造了条件。