基于液相色谱-质谱技术的肾脏代谢组学分析方法研究

建立了一种基于高效液相色谱-超高分辨质谱技术的肾脏代谢组学分析方法。肾脏组织于液氮中研磨成粉后,采用甲基叔丁基醚/甲醇/水溶剂体系进行提取,分别得到强极性部分(下层)和弱极性部分(上层)提取物,依次采用HILIC亲水色谱柱和反相C18色谱柱进行梯度洗脱分离后,进行高分辨质谱分析。采用电喷雾离子源(ESI),正、负离子模式检测,扫描方式为全扫描,扫描范围为100~1000 Da,质量分辨率为120000。结果表明,该方法灵敏度高,专属性强,稳定性良好,可同时获取肾脏组织中的强极性和弱极性代谢物信息,可为肾脏疾病和药物肾毒性生物标志物的发现提供一种新的方法。     

解析电喷雾质谱法对感冒药中对乙酰氨基酚的快速检测

基于常压质谱的直接、快速、无需样品预处理检测的优势,该文拓展了其在药物质检领域的应用。采用自行搭建的解析电喷雾(DESI)装置,对常用感冒药对乙酰氨基酚片进行快速质谱检测,无需样品预处理,直接获得药片中有效成分的分子结构信息。为克服基质差异对定量分析的影响,以淀粉为基质构建对乙酰氨基酚模拟药片,在优化的基础上进行定量实验。针对实际药片中高浓度对乙酰氨基酚检测的需要,研究了其在较高浓度范围的定量关系,结果显示,方法对0.35~4.52 mg/mm^2范围内的对乙酰氨基酚具有较好的线性关系(r^2=0.9982),定量下限为1.903 ng/mm^2,检出限为0.237 ng/mm^2,加标回收率为102%~114%。对3种市售的对乙酰氨基酚片进行直接检测,与厂家提供的标准数据相比,相对标准偏差(RSD)为7.2%~12%,表明方法具有较好准确度。该工作很好地证明了DESI-MS在药品快检中的优势,从而为药品质检提供了潜在的高效、可靠的检测手段。     

Captiva EMR-Lipid固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速筛查动物源食品中51种药物残留

建立了一种利用Captiva EMR-Lipid固相萃取结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)同时分析猪肉、鸡肉、鸡蛋中51种药物残留的方法。样品经Mcllvaine-Na_2EDTA缓冲液及酸化乙腈提取,Captiva EMR-Lipid固相萃取柱净化,UPLC-MS/MS测定,采用电喷雾电离源,正离子扫描,多反应监测模式检测,内标/外标法定量。结果表明,51种药物的线性范围为0.5～10μg/L,相关系数(r)均不小于0.999 0,检出限均为2.5μg/kg,定量下限均为5.0μg/kg;猪肉、鸡肉、鸡蛋样品在5、10、20μg/kg加标浓度下的平均回收率为60%～110%,相对标准偏差(n=5)小于10%。该方法操作简便,准确度高,适用于猪肉、鸡肉、鸡蛋中多种药物残留的检测。     

Arduino实时在线监测系统在聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯本体聚合过程中的应用

利用自主研发的实时在线监测系统，对不同聚合温度条件下，聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）的本体聚合过程进行实时在线监测，建立"虚拟信号值-反应时间"实时在线监测曲线.通过曲线的变化，可以清晰观察到PMMA本体聚合过程的4个阶段，即诱导期、初期、中期和后期.根据本体聚合"转化率-反应时间"S型曲线的特点，构建"虚拟信号值-反应时间-转化率"关系曲线和聚合物转化率计算公式，并提出PMMA预聚体的预测和实时在线监测方法.方法具有操作简单、实时性强、外界因素影响小和性能稳定等优点，是一种新型的实时在线分析方法.     

以学生为中心的仪器分析实验线上线下混合式教学探索与实践

针对传统实验教学方法中存在的问题与不足,以仪器分析实验课程为例,提出了以学生为中心的混合式教学设计,通过分层教学满足个性化培养需求。基于大夏学堂在线学习平台,通过线上、线下环环相扣的教学活动有效激发学生的学习兴趣与主动性,引导学生内化知识,培养分析解决问题的高阶思维与综合能力,促进学生全面发展。     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法测定水中15种抗生素残留

建立了固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱(SPE-UPLC-MS/MS)测定水中磺胺类、喹诺酮类及四环素类抗生素的分析方法。考察了滤膜、固相萃取柱、洗脱液种类和体积、pH、上样流速对萃取效果的影响。水样过滤后调节至pH 3,经HLB小柱富集净化后,依次用0.1%(V:V)甲酸甲醇和3%(V:V)氨水甲醇洗脱,采用外标法定量分析。15种目标化合物在1～200μg/L范围内线性关系良好,检出限为0.15～1.04 ng/L;平均回收率在81.2%～116.6%之间,相对标准偏差(RSDs)为0.6%～8.9%。该方法适用于水中15种抗生素残留检测。     

《无机化学学报》投稿须知

《无机化学学报》是中国化学会主办的学术期刊,面向国内外发行。主要报道无机化学领域的基础理论和应用基础理论研究成果,促进国内外学术交流,繁荣无机化学学科。内容包括固体无机化学、配位化学、无机材料化学、生物无机化学、有机金属化学、理论无机化学、超分子化学和应用无机化学、催化等,着重报道化合物的合成、热力学、动力学性质、谱学、结构和成键等。     

基于混酸回流制备碳点的中和过程

Carbon dots (C dots) are relatively novel carbon nanomaterials that have attracted significant interest due to their unique photoluminescence, good biocompatibility, and stability. The preparation methods of C dots was usually summarized into "top-down" and "bottom-up", and mixed acid reflux is a top-down strategy that can be used to synthesize C dots, during which neutralization is a necessary step that can significantly influence the properties and potential applications of the final product. Previously, this research area mainly focused on tuning the properties of C dots by changing the starting materials and/or varying the reaction conditions; the influence of the reagents used during neutralization has been largely ignored. As the previously reported C dots prepared by mixed acid reflux were obtained from different starting materials under varied conditions, a meaningful comparison is difficult. Herein, yellow-emitting C dots were prepared by mixed acid-refluxing a carbon-rich material derived from fullerene carbon soot. For the same batch of as-prepared C dots, the influences of four reagents, i.e., NaOH, Na₂CO₃, K₂CO₃, and NH₃·H₂O, during neutralization on the structures and photoluminescence of the resulting C dots were investigated in detail. The results of thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy clearly showed that the reagent used during neutralization can affect the degree of dissociation of the acidic functional groups on the C dots. This is further supported by examination of the C dot/surfactant mixtures where subtle changes in the phase behavior were observed. Structural changes of the C dots cause variations in their surface states, ultimately altering the optical characteristics, including UV-vis absorption and fluorescence. Among the treated C dots, the sample prepared with Na₂CO₃ showed the strongest emission under the same excitation wavelength, while that prepared with NH₃·H₂O exhibited a distinct red shift (~8 nm) in the emission curve. The results presented herein provide clear evidence that neutralization reagent selection is important for optimizing the properties of the resulting C dots obtained by mixed acid reflux. In addition, the photoluminescence of the C dots can be influenced by their counterions, providing a novel method for tuning the properties of C dots while explaining their behavior in saline solutions. In short, the basicity of the neutralizing reagent and the type of counterions affect the structure of the C dots surface, which brings different performances. This work reminds researchers that it is necessary to use the type of neutralizing reagent as an experimental condition when preparing C dots in the future.     

超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法测定豆类中的硒代蛋氨酸

该研究利用超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(UHPLC/ESI-Q-Orbitrap)技术,对硒代蛋氨酸(SeMet)的色谱信息、分子离子质荷比和碎裂片段的质荷比进行采集,并对特征离子碎裂途径进行解析,建立了豆类中硒代蛋氨酸的检测方法。样品用三羟甲基氨基甲烷-盐酸(Tris-HCl)缓冲溶液溶解后,涡旋混匀,超声提取,在恒温水浴条件下酶解,离心后取上清液过0.22μm滤膜后上机检测。采用Hypersil GOLD HILIC(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.9μm)色谱柱进行分离,以0.2%(体积分数,下同)甲酸6 mmol/L甲酸铵水溶液和0.2%甲酸6 mmol/L甲酸铵乙腈溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾正离子模式电离,在全扫描/数据依赖扫描模式(Full MS/dd-MS2)下进行检测,基质匹配标准校正法定量。结果表明,硒代蛋氨酸的基质效应为15.75%,在0.05~0.5 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r²)为0.9976,方法检出限(LOD)为0.015 mg/kg,定量下限(LOQ)为0.05 mg/kg;空白样品在0.1、0.2、0.4 mg/kg 3个加标水平下的平均回收率为77.6%~83.2%,日内相对标准偏差(RSDr)为2.8%~4.8%,日间相对标准偏差(RSD_R)为4.1%~6.5%。将方法应用于实际样品的检测,得富硒黑豆、富硒红豆、富硒绿豆中硒代蛋氨酸的含量分别为0.252、0.163、0.184 mg/kg。该方法具有前处理操作简单、结果准确、重复性好等优点,适用于豆类中硒代蛋氨酸的检测。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蜂蜜中胆碱和乙酰胆碱

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时测定蜂蜜中胆碱和乙酰胆碱的分析方法.试样采用水-乙腈(体积比2:3)溶液提取,乙腈-水(体积比8:2)稀释后以0.22μm滤膜过滤上机测定.采用ACQUITY UPLC BEH HILIC(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)色谱柱分离,以10 mmol/L乙酸铵(含0.1％乙酸)...