STEADY-STATE RESPONSE OF A TIMOSHENKO BEAM ON AN ELASTIC HALF-SPACE UNDER A MOVING LOAD

By introducing the equivalent stiffness of an elastic half-space interacting with a Timoshenko beam, the displacement solution of the beam resting on an elastic half-space subjected to a moving load is presented. Based on the relative relation of wave velocities of the half-space and the beam, four cases with the combination of different parameters of the half-space and the beam, the system of soft beam and hard half-space, the system of sub-soft beam and hard half-space, the system of sub-hard beam and soft half-space, and the system of hard beam and soft half-space are considered. The critical velocities of the moving load are studied using dispersion curves. It is found that critical velocities of the moving load on the Timoshenko beam depend on the relative relation of wave velocities of the half-space and the beam. The Rayleigh wave velocity in the half-space is always a critical velocity and the response of the system will be infinite when the load velocity reaches it. For the system of soft beam and hard half-space, wave velocities of the beam are also critical velocities. Besides the shear wave velocity of the beam, there is an additional minimum critical velocity for the system of sub-soft beam and hard half-space. While for systems of (sub-) hard beams and soft half-space, wave velocities of the beam are no longer critical ones. Comparison with the Euler-Bernoulli beam shows that the critical velocities and response of the two types of beams are much different for the system of (sub-) soft beam and hard half-space but are similar to each other for the system of (sub-) hard beam and soft half space. The largest displacement of the beam is almost at the location of the load and the displacement along the beam is almost symmetrical if the load velocity is smaller than the minimum critical velocity (the shear wave velocity of the beam for the system of soft beam and hard half-space). The largest displacement of the beam shifts behind the load and the asymmetry of the displacement along the beam increases with the increase of the load velocity due to the damping and wave radiation. The displacement of the beam at the front of the load is very small if the load velocity is larger than the largest wave velocity of the beam and the half space. The results of the present study provide attractive theoretical and practical references for the analysis of ground vibration induced by the high-speed train.     

AN EQUIVALENT CONTINUUM METHOD OF LATTICE STRUCTURES

An equivalent continuum method is developed to analyze the effective stiffness of three-dimensional stretching dominated lattice materials. The strength and three-dimensional plastic yield surfaces are calculated for the equivalent continuum. A yielding model is formulated and compared with the results of other models. The bedding-in effect is considered to include the compliance of the lattice joints. The predicted stiffness and strength are in good agreement with the experimental data, validating the present model in the prediction of the mechanical properties of stretching dominated lattice structures.     

络合滴定测定水质总硬度的误差来源与消除

讨论了络合滴定测定水的总硬度实验中的终点返红问题及其解决办法。实验计算结果表明,若在驱除CO2的水样中加入少量EDTA—Mg,可起到明显减小终点误差的作用。     

大连理工大学薛冬峰小组超硬材料研究获重要进展

近日,大连理工大学化工学院材料化工系薛冬峰教授研究小组在超硬材料研究方面获得重要进展,该研究小组基于组成原子的电负性建立了鉴别材料硬度的微观模型,成果被国际最权威的物理学期刊《物理评论快报》（Physical Review Letters）接收。这是该研究小组近来继两篇《先进材料》（Advanced Materials）后的又一重大科研成果。     

Ba2TiSi2O8晶体的生长及包裹物缺陷分析

采用提拉法生长了Ba2TiSi2O8 (BST)晶体,并采用SEM和EDS等手段对晶体内部包裹物缺陷进行了分析.发现多晶原料中的Na,K,C1杂质元素的存在是导致晶体内部产生包裹物缺陷的主要诱因,采用低的生长速率和较快的晶体转速有利于获得高质量BTS单晶.另外,本论文还对晶体的硬度和透过光谱进行了测试与分析.     

中学化学实验的成功经验

介绍中学化学实验的成功经验,其中包括铁钉与硫酸铜溶液反应,明矾和绿矾净水实验,重金属盐使蛋白质变性实验,溴乙烷与氢氧化钠反应产物的检验,蛋白质与硝酸的反应,水的硬度,铜与硝酸银溶液反应等.     

铸钢碳纳米管复合材料的机械性能

采用熔炼浇注技术制备碳纳米管铸钢复合材料。测试该复合材料在铸态下的拉伸性能和硬度。通过扫描电镜检测其断面,在断口中发现碳纳米管存在,显示碳纳米管经过高温浇注过程,被成功加入到钢基体中。拉伸测试结果表明:碳纳米管加入量为0.1%的复合材料较未添加碳纳米管材料抗拉强度增加11%。硬度测试结果表明:碳纳米管加入量为0.2%复合材料较未添加碳纳米管材料硬度提高28%。更多还原     

基于高光谱图像和偏最小二乘的羊肉pH值特征波段筛选研究

波段筛选方法的选取以及随后的光谱特征波段的提取对高光谱模型效果的影响较大。为了快速准确检测羊肉的pH值,开展并讨论了利用两种特征波段筛选方法对羊肉pH值高光谱模型的影响研究。本研究采用二阶导数(2D)、多元散射校正(MSC)和中心化处理(mean-centering)相结合的方法对所提取纯肌肉部分的代表性光谱进行预处理,利用联合区间偏最小二乘(siPLS)和联合区间偏最小二乘结合遗传算法(siPLS-GA)对全波段473～1000 nm范围光谱进行特征波段的提取,并分别建立相对应特征波段范围羊肉pH的PLS预测模型,同时与全波段的PLS模型效果相比较。结果表明采用siPLS-GA提取的特征波长建立的PLS模型效果最优,其选取的特征波长点数为56,校正集相关系数(R_cal)和均方根误差(RMSEC)分别为0.96和0.043,预测集相关系数(R_P)和均方根误差(RMSEP)分别为0.96和0.048。siPLS-GA方法既能够减少建模使用的光谱变量,又可以提高模型精度,因此利用高光谱图像技术结合siPLS-GA可以实现羊肉pH的特征波段筛选和快速准确检测。     

侵彻条件下两类靶体材料静阻力的探讨

以空腔膨胀理论为主要理论工具,通过比较侵彻近区塑性材料和脆性材料动力学行为的差异,对两类不同材料静阻力（R_t）的本质进行探讨,并对脆性材料侵彻的若干应用问题提出建议。研究表明:（1）R_t是靶体介质以固体特性抵抗局部扩孔、具有时间平均特性的弹体横截面平均应力,其具体取值随着材料的物理力学特性、侵彻模型、撞击速度等因素而变化,因此不是材料的固有特性。（2）对于塑性靶体的非变形侵彻问题,静态空腔膨胀理论的结果能够对R_t作出比较合理的预测;对于拟流体侵彻问题,一般需要对静态空腔膨胀理论的结果加以修正。（3）脆性材料的R_t主要取决于破碎后介质的力学特性而与完整材料的力学特性关系不大,且与单轴抗压强度之间不满足纯粹的单调关系;当侵彻速度较低时,应考虑侵彻速度对侵彻阻力的强化作用,这种强化作用的本质是内摩擦;当侵彻速度足够高时,脆性材料体现出恒定不变的“动力硬度”,其反映了材料的本征阻力特性。（4）提高脆性材料的侵彻阻力的关键在于减小应力波峰值后环向拉应力的幅值、抑制材料的破碎速度和程度,具体措施包括主动或被动地增加外围压、对基质中添加增韧增强纤维等;为了实现对脆性材料侵彻问题更高精度的数值模拟,建议更加重视对破碎介质动力学特性的研究。     

激光诱导击穿光谱技术对高铁车轮硬度检测模型优化研究

我国铁路跨度长、运营时间长、运行环境变化较大,故对于车轮的磨损较大,为保障高速铁路的安全运行,高速列车车轮表面硬度就成为了一项重要参考指标。激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)实验平台对8块不同硬度的HS7高铁车轮用钢样品进行击穿获取LIBS光谱数据,发现基体元素(Fe)和合金元素(Cr, Mo, W)的谱线强度、离子与原子线的强度比值(Ⅱ/Ⅰ)以及合金元素谱线强度与基体元素谱线强度的强度比值(A/M),分别与样品硬度有着不同程度的相关关系。利用此相关关系分别建立了以谱线强度和谱线强度结合谱线强度比值为变量的偏最小二乘法(PLS)定量分析模型,在建立模型前采用标准正态变量变换(SNV)、 Savitzky-Golay卷积二阶导和高斯滤波(Gaussian filter)三种预处理方法来减小实验误差。结果表明,以谱线强度为变量的模型中采用SNV预处理后建立的PLS模型效果最佳,校正集的确定系数为0.98,均方根误差为1.30,预测集的确定系数为0.90,均方根误差为2.43;以谱线强度结合谱线强度比值为变量的模型中采用原始数据建立的PLS模型效果最佳,校正集的确定系数为0.99,均方根误差为0....