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951.
952.
通过运用四阶段DEA的方法,首先分析环境变量对各地区技术效率的影响,并得到过滤掉环境因素影响的技术效率;再运用Bootstrap技术,得到各地区纠偏后的技术效率.结果分析表明:可节约劳动的调整对东中部地区效率变动产生较大的影响,资本调整仅起次要作用;可节约资本与劳动的调整对西部地区效率变动都产生重要影响.环境变量的作用表现为:民营资本、基础设施、产业升级、FDI等因素对提升地区技术效率起重要作用. 相似文献
953.
Based on the photothermal detuning technique, the three linear relations among reflectance (or trans- mittance), temperature rise, and pump beam power are studied to achieve the absolute measurement of absorption loss. The relation between temperature and reflectance and the calculation accuracy of tem- perature rise on sample surface have great impacts on the measured result. The influences of parameters involved in the method and the relation between temperature and reflectance and the temperature model of sample surface are also studied. The results show that the absolute absorption loss of optical coatings can be achieved by the proposed method. The measurement accuracy depends on the temperature model and the relation between temperature and reflectance. The linear relation between reflectance and temper- ature rise has largest slope when probe beam wavelength is 632.8 nm and incident angle is 28°. The linear relation slope between temperature rise and pump beam power decreases with the growing of beam size and modulation frequency. The results provide theoretical and experimental supports for the perfection and further application of the photothermal detuning technique. 相似文献
955.
956.
Random thickness error is an important factor which effects the calibration accuracies of deposition rates for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) multilayer coatings fabricated by sputter deposition techniques. A least square fitting method is proposed to determine deposition rates and extract random thickness errors accurately. The validity of this method is shown by evaluating two deposition systems with control abilities of -0.1 nm and better than 0.01 nm respectively. 相似文献
957.
Wei Shyy Young-Chang Cho Amit Gupta Chien-Chou Tseng Ann Marie Sastry 《Acta Mechanica Sinica》2011,27(6):845-865
Successful modeling and/or design of engineering systems often requires one to address the impact of multiple "design variables" on the prescribed outcome.There are often multiple,competing objectives based on which we assess the outcome of optimization.Since accurate,high fidelity models are typically time consuming and computationally expensive,comprehensive evaluations can be conducted only if an efficient framework is available.Furthermore,informed decisions of the model/hardware’s overall performance rely on an adequate understanding of the global,not local,sensitivity of the individual design variables on the objectives.The surrogate-based approach,which involves approximating the objectives as continuous functions of design variables from limited data,offers a rational framework to reduce the number of important input variables,i.e.,the dimension of a design or modeling space.In this paper,we review the fundamental issues that arise in surrogate-based analysis and optimization,highlighting concepts,methods,techniques,as well as modeling implications for mechanics problems.To aid the discussions of the issues involved,we summarize recent efforts in investigating cryogenic cavitating flows,active flow control based on dielectric barrier discharge concepts,and lithium(Li)-ion batteries.It is also stressed that many multi-scale mechanics problems can naturally benefit from the surrogate approach for "scale bridging." 相似文献
958.
2011年南京市高三二模最后一题是一道概率题,该题源于生活,简洁明了,内涵丰富,让人回味无穷,笔者对此题进行了剖析,以飨读者.1.试题(2011年南京市二模)某校组织一次篮球投篮测试,已知甲同学每次投篮的命 相似文献
959.
960.
Ultrasonic guided wave becomes one of promising tool for monitoring various types of structures such as large steel plates, vessels, and pipes in oil, chemical or nuclear industry, because guided waves have ability to travel wide range of the target structure in a single position. However, analysis of guided wave signals acquired from structure is difficult on account of low S/N ratio and its dispersive nature. To improve S/N ratio and overcome dispersion effect, focusing techniques for guided waves are needed. Thus, in this study, focusing techniques for guided waves were developed in order to improve long range inspection ability, and performance of the developed techniques was verified by experiments. 相似文献