CT、MRI对良恶性甲状腺结节的鉴别价值

本文探讨了计算机断层扫描（CT）、磁共振成像（MRI）对良恶性甲状腺结节的鉴别价值。方法：选取2015年3月至2018年3月本院收治的甲状腺结节患者150例，依据病理结果分为恶性48例、良性102例，所有患者均给予CT、MRI检查，分析CT、MRI对良恶性甲状腺结节的鉴别价值。结果发现，MRI总病灶、形态不规则、边界不清/毛糙、信号/密度不均检出率明显高于CT，MRI钙化灶检出率明显低于CT，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），CT、MRI淋巴结转移检出率比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；在鉴别良恶性甲状腺结节的敏感度、特异度、准确度中，CT为79.17%、74.51%、76.00%，MRI为83.33%、80.39%、81.33%，CT联合MRI为95.83%、96.08%、96.00%，CT联合MRI明显高于CT、MRI，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。说明CT、MRI可作为鉴别良恶性甲状腺结节的重要方法，CT对钙化灶有较高的分辨能力，MRI对软组织及小病灶有较高的分辨能力，CT联合MRI可有效提高其鉴别价值。     

Ⅲ-Ⅴ族半导体纳米粒子合成的进展

半导体科学技术是现代信息技术的基础，Ⅲ－Ⅴ族半导体纳米材料受垤广泛的重视。采取有机液相合成方法是制备Ⅲ－Ⅴ话半导体纳米粒子的重要途径。本文综述了近几年合成Ⅲ－Ⅴ话半导体纳米粒子的进展情况。     

双嵌段共聚物薄膜介观结构的耗散粒子动力学模拟

采用耗散粒子动力学(Dissipative Particle Dynamics, DPD)方法模拟两平行平板间的双嵌段共聚物体系的介观结构. 模拟结果表明, 随板间距的增大, 体系分层数量的增加是不连续的, 在分层数量的增加过程中, 出现不规则结构的过渡区；聚合物链末端距随板间距的增大呈周期性振荡, 振荡幅度逐渐减小. 对模拟结果的分析表明：层状结构转变点与分层数量之间存在近似线性关系；层状结构转变点近似与共聚物链长的2/3次方成正比.     

表面修饰的二氧化锡纳米粒子的制备及微结构表征

采用胶体化学制得表面包覆有ＤＢＳ的二氧化锡纳米粒子，并运用一系列手段对其微结构进行了表征。     

Effect of Variant Counterions on Stability and Particle Size of Silica Sol

The effects of variant counterions with ionic strength of 0.05, 0.10, 0.20 and 0.25 mol·kg^-1 on the stability and particle size of silica sols have been studied using the traditional methods of Ubbelohde viscosity measurement, TEM and titration respectively, finding that the stability and particle size of the silica sols are all concerned with the acidic, positively electric properties and the sizes of the counterions, as well as the attraction between the counterions and surface silicon hydroxyl groups of the silica sols. The small positively charged counterions lead to the decrease in particle sizes, making the silica sol the most stable. But the larger weakly acidic counterions can restrict the particle sizes of the silica sols and easily make the sols coagulate. It was also found that there existed a linear relationship between log r and log η, which has not ever been reported. The effect of temperature on the stability and particle sizes was also discussed.     

TiO2-双亲共聚物复合纳米粒子的合成与紫外光敏特性

用偶联剂乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷改性纳米粒子TiO₂, 应用超声技术将TiO₂ 纳米粒子分散在甲醇介质中, 然后用苯乙烯(ST)原位聚合包封, 再用丙烯酰胺或乙烯基吡咯烷酮(VP)共聚, 两步原位分散聚合得到了有机聚合物为壳、TiO₂为核的有机/无机复合粒子. 用红外光谱、紫外-可见光谱、透射电子显微镜等检测手段进行表征. 结果显示: 由于双亲共聚物对TiO₂纳米粒子的敏化作用, 紫外-可见光谱图上两种纳米复合粒子的最大吸收峰均有明显红移, 并且吸收光谱的范围扩大了, 其中尤以TiO₂/(PST-co-PVP)为甚. 意味着光敏化活性的提高, 特别是在可见光谱的范围内. 这种情形对宽带隙半导体材料如TiO₂纳米粒子的光催化特性是有利的, 表明这类材料的应用空间得到了拓展.     

我国物质结构研究的大型实验平台(续)——非加速器粒子物理实验设施

在粒子加速器问世以前,科学家就利用天然放射性和宇宙红进行核物理的研究。1919年卢瑟福用放射性物质产生的α射红轰击原子核,首次实现了人工核反应。天然放射性粒子来之不难,但能量较低、强度很弱;宇宙红能量最高可达1022eV,却是"靠天吃饭",难以开展精确的实验。粒子加速器在20世纪30年代初发明后,很快成为核物理和粒子物理研究的主角。然而,随着粒子物理向高能量前沿的推进,加速器的规模成越来越大,位于瑞士和法国边境质心系1     

水中镉化合物粒子消光系数及其反射率光谱(400～900nm)测量

测量出水中镉化合物单位浓度消光系数光谱曲线和镉化合物干燥环境下的反射率光谱曲线是水体镉元素含量遥感反演的关键。首先采用自主设计的透射光测量装置,利用Analytical Spectral Devices(ASD)光谱仪分别测量了相同厚度不同浓度的两种镉化合物粒子溶液(硫化镉和氧化镉)的透射光辐亮度,通过比值法计算出不同浓度的镉化合物粒子溶液的消光系数,最终得到其400~900nm波长范围内的单位浓度消光系数光谱。然后再利用ASD光谱仪在户外晴好干燥的环境下对这两种镉化合物的反射率光谱进行了测量,为日后进一步计算其单位浓度吸收和散射系数打下基础。单位浓度消光系数光谱测量结果表明,硫化镉在675nm出现极大值,在550和830nm出现极小值;氧化镉则随着波长的增加呈逐渐减少的单调趋势;两种化合物在水中的消光作用主要在紫蓝光波段。反射率光谱测量结果表明,硫化镉的反射率从500nm开始快速增大至650nm后趋于平缓;氧化镉从525nm开始呈近线性递增至900nm;二者都具有明显的光谱特征。本文在国内首次专门针对水质遥感领域开展了具有光活性的镉化合物的光学参数测量工作,并获得了这两种化合物的单位浓度消光系数和反射率光谱曲线,是水体镉含量遥感反演模型所必需的光学参数之一,为镉含量遥感反演这一难题提供一个突破口,测量结果可以为镉含量提取的遥感工作波段选择提供有力的参考依据,同时也为水体镉含量的遥感提取提供了模型必需的重要参数。     

Application of DEM modified with enlarged particle model to simulation of bead motion in a bead mill

We applied the discrete element method （DEM） of simulation modified by an enlarged particle model to simulate bead motion in a large bead mill. The stainless-steel bead mill has inner diameter of 102 mm and mill length of 198 mm. The bead diameter and filling ratio were fixed respectively at 0.5 mm and 85%. The agitator rotational speed was changed from 1863 to 3261 rpm. The bead motion was monitored experimentally using a high-speed video camera through a transparent mill body. For the simulation, enlarged particle sizes were set as 3-6 mm in diameter. With the DEM modified by the enlarged particle model, the motion of enlarged particles in a mill was simulated.The velocity data of the simulated enlarged particles were compared with those obtained in the experiment. The simulated velocity of the enlarged particles depends on the virtual frictional coefficient in the DEM model. The optimized value of the virtual frictional coefficient can be determined by considering the accumulated mean value. Results show that the velocity of the enlarged particles simulated increases with an increase in the optimum virtual frictional coefficient, but the simulated velocity agrees well with that determined experimentally by optimizing the virtual frictional coefficient in the simulation. The computing time in the simulation decreases with increased particle size.