玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚——一种新的宏观物质状态

 2001年10月9日,瑞典皇家科学院宣布,2001年诺贝尔物理学奖授予美国国家标准技术研究所与科罗拉多大学的联合天体物理研究所(JILA)39岁的教授康奈尔(E.A.Cornell)和50岁的教授维曼(C.E.Wieman)以及美国麻省理工学院(MIT)43岁的德裔教授凯特勒(W.Ketterle).     

炼铝用碳阳极中碱金属氧化物作用机理的量子化学研究

本文应用CNDO/2法研究了炼铝用碳阳极中添加碱金属氧化物的吸附行为, 通过优化得到了吸附的最佳模型, 考察了吸附结合能随分子间距的变化, 进而给出了碱金属氧化物在碳阳极中作用的机理。量子化学计算结果表明: 碱金属氧化物添加到炼铝用碳阳极中起传输电子的电桥作用, 是碳阳极在空气中氧化反应以及铝电解时生成氧气的氧化反应的催化剂; 理论计算和实验结果二者吻合较好, 可以用来解释若干实验结果。     

碱金属和稀土溴化物Meyer反应的相化学研究（Ⅱ）

对ＣｓＢｒ－ＮｄＢｒ３－１３％ＨＢｒ－Ｈ２Ｏ四元体系２５℃时的相平衡进行了研究，比较了ＣｓＢｒ与ＲＥＢｒ３（ＲＥ＝Ｌ，Ｐｒ，Ｎｄ，Ｓｍ）在氢溴酸介质中反应的相化学关系发现，轻稀土的相似性和以Ｎｄ为界的“二分组效应”首次在相化学行为上有所体现，对化合物５ＣｓＢｒ．２ＲＥＢｒ３．２２Ｈ２Ｏ做了热分析测试，根据体系的相化学关系设计了新的固相反应，并进行了新类型化合物的合成。     

滴定法测定碱金属黄原酸盐

在碱性条件下，CS2和醇反应所生成的有机盐总称黄原酸盐。黄原酸钾(钠)又称乙基黄原酸钾(钠)、乙基二硫代碳酸钾(钠)，为白色或浅黄色固体粉末，有刺激性气味，易溶于水、乙醇中。工业上用作橡胶硫化促进剂，农业上用于作物的干燥剂。黄原酸钠还可作为医用防腐剂及杀菌剂，黄原酸钾是医药甲砜霉素的中间体，也用作分析试剂。     

碱金属沸石上乙醇双分子缩合反应及其机理

首次发现在碱金属Ｘ沸石上乙醇能够发生以正丁醇为主产物的双分子缩合反应，在所研究的催化剂中，含Ｒｂ的ＬｉＸ沸石表现出较高的反应活性和选择性。反应机理的研究表明，反应不经过ａｌｄｏｌ缩合步骤。在此基础上，对反应机理提出了新建议：在碱性沸石作用下，乙醇的β－位Ｃ－Ｈ键被活化，双分子脱水导致缩合。碳链的增长按此模式进行。     

无机盐对β-环糊精空腔微环境影响的荧光探针研究

基于芘的单体荧光光谱振动结构与其所处环境极性的相关性, 研究了碱金属氯化物对β-环糊精(β-CD)空腔微环境的影响。盐类的引入导致β-CD空腔极性减小, 芘/β-CD包络物形成常数增大。结果表明疏水相互作用是包络物形成动力之一; 盐类的引入除改变溶液的离子强度, 还与β-CD分子间存在着特殊的相互作用, 后者是导致环糊精空腔性质变化的根本原因。详细探讨了盐与β-CD分子间的作用本质。     

Selective Transport of Alkali—Metal Cations through Liquid Membranes by Non—Cyclic Carriers

The emission spectra of a series of naphthalene end-labeled oligo-oxyethylene(N-Pn-N) and their facilitated transport of cations across liquid membranes have been investigated.Alkali-metal cations enhance or inhibit the intramolecular excimer formation of N-Pn-N remarkably,suggesting that the polyether chain of N-Pn-N in solution complexes with the cations,and the orientation of the terminal chromophores depends on the cation size and the length of the polyether chain. These compounds are able to act as carriers to facilitate transport of alkali-metal cations through organic liquid membranes.The transport efficiencies are comparable with those of cyclic carriers such as crown ethers,and show remarkable selectivity.     

碱金属盐对ZSM-5分子筛晶化的影响

Effect of different alkali metal salts on the crystal size and the crystallization rate of ZSM-5 zeolite was de-tailedly investigated in this paper. The samples prepared by adding the different alkali metal salts were character-ized by using XRD， TEM， TG-DSC， BET and IR techniques. The XRD results showed that， for the nanosized ZSM-5 zeolite， the characteristic peaks broadened on the XRD patterns in comparison with the microsized ZSM-5 zeolite. The SEM results verified that the crystal size of zeolites prepared by adding different alkali metal salts had different results， and adding NaCl， NaC₂H₃O₂ and KCl showed the better effect of reducing crystal size， which are about of 40～60nm size. The crystallization curve of adding the different alkali metal salts suggested that the crystallization rate was significantly affected by the anions in the alkali metal salt besides the cations. Moreover， the crystal size likewise depended on the anion in the alkali metal salt. In addition， the BET results suggested that the nanosized ZSM-5 zeolite possessed a larger outer surface area in comparison with the microsized ZSM-5 zeolite. The thermostability of the samples was determined by TG-DSC technique， indicating that the nanosized ZSM-5 zeolite had a poor thermostability as compared with the microsized ZSM-5 zeolite. The possible difference of the samples with different crystal sizes on IR spectra was also given.