Error analysis and lattice improvement for the C-ADS Injector- I

The injector Scheme- 1 （or Injector- I ） of the C-ADS linac is a 10 mA 10 MeV proton linac working in C／V mode. It is mainly comprised of a 3.2 MeV room-temperature 4-vane RFQ and twelve superconducting single-spoke cavities housed in a long cryostat. Error analysis including alignment and field errors, and static and dynamic ones for the illjector are presented. Based on detailed numerical simulations, an orbit correction scheme has been designed, which shows that with correction the rms residual orbit errors can be controlled within 0.3 mm and a beam loss rate of 1.7× 10-6 is obtained. To reduce the beam loss rate further, an improved lattice design for the superconducting spoke cavity section has been studied.     

Design and simulation of a wire position monitor for cryogenic systems in an ADS linac

This paper introduces the design and simulation of a Wire Position Monitor （WPM） used in the cryogenic system of an Accelerator Driven System （ADS）. The WPM is designed to monitor the contraction of cold masses during the cooling-down operation. In this paper, POISSON-2D electrostatic field software is used to calculate the best characteristic impedance for the WPM. Furthermore, the time domain signal of different end structures is theoretically analyzed and simulated. The coupling of electrodes and the influence of signal carrier size, which may influence the induced signal, are also discussed. Finally, the linearity of the induced voltage and the sensitivity of the WPM are analyzed. The time domain simulation results are consistent with the theoretical analysis. The influences of the coupling and carrier size are very small, and the linearity of the normalized voltage is good within r/2.     

电子束辐照与电化学还原联用技术——一种用于煤炭直接液化的新方法(英文)

对电子束辐照与电化学联用技术提高煤炭液化率的新型方法进行了研究。利用高能电子束对煤炭样品进行辐照,并通过四氢呋喃萃取出辐照后的可能产物并计算其提取率。实验结果发现,提取产率随着辐照剂量的增加而增加,并得到在氧气气氛下25 kGy的最佳辐照条件。辐照的样品进一步在氢氧化钠电解液中电化学还原液化,并采用元素分析法、傅里叶红外光谱法、阴极极化曲线法、核磁共振法和计时电流法等来检测辐照对煤炭电化学还原的影响。     

基于细观建模的电子束预控弹体破裂机理数值研究

为研究电子束预控弹体的破裂机理。提出了基于电子束预控弹体细观几何特性的参数化建模方法,建立了含基体、熔融区、过渡区和空腔区弹体的三维有限元模型,采用LS-DYNA软件对典型弹体的爆炸驱动和破裂过程进行了数值模拟分析。结果表明:电子束预控弹体破裂过程可分为:弹体膨胀后的空腔区在环向拉应力作用下产生拉伸断裂、过渡区产生裂纹扩展和拉伸断裂以及空腔区底部基体在两侧拉应力和底部压应力作用下产生与弹体内壁法线呈45°的剪切破坏3个阶段。数值模拟结果与回收的破片截面形状和破坏模式吻合较好。研究结果对电子束预控弹体破片成型控制具有参考价值。     

Accurate analysis of ellipsometric data for thick transparent films

Using e-beam evaporation, the ellipsometric parameters of thick transparent films are studied with the modified analysis method for the SiO 2 film samples deposited onto the Si substrate. The ellipsometric parameters are measured at the incidence angles changing from 50 to 70 and in the 3–4.5 eV photon energy range. The error in the conventional method can be significantly reduced by the modified ellipsometric method considering the spatial effect to show good agreement between the theoretical and experimental results. The new method presented in this letter can be applied to other optical measurement of the periodic or non-periodic film structures.     

正弦平方势与环形加速器的弯晶束流引出

在经典力学框架内和偶极近似下, 引入正弦平方势, 把粒子在弯晶中的运动方程化为具有固定力矩的摆方程。 利用Jacobian椭圆函数和椭圆积分分析了系统的相平面特征。 导出了弯晶的最大偏转能量、 退道系数和退道长度。 计算结果表明, 对于曲率半径为1 m, 能量为1.0 GeV的质子, Si(110)面沟道的引出效率为70%; 对于MeV范围的粒子, 退道长度大约是μm量级; 对于TeV范围的粒子, 退道长度可达1 m以上。 In the classical mechanics frame and the dipole approximation the particle motion equation in bent crystal is reduced to the pendulum equation with a constant momentum by using the sine squared potential.The phase planar properties are analysed by means of Jacobian elliptic function and the elliptic integral. The maximum deflected energy, the dechanneling factor and the dechanneled length are derived. The results show that the extrated efficiency is 70% for a proton beam with energy E=1.0 GeV moved in the channel on Si(110) if a radius of curvature R=1 m; and dechanneled length is of the order of μm for the particles with MeV energy; the dechanneled length is above 1 meter for the particle with TeV energy.     

Fluorescence lifetime measurement from a designated single-bunch in the BEPCⅡ colliding mode

Fluorescence lifetime measurement in the time domain requires excitation from a well separated single bunch using synchrotron light sources. In the colliding mode of the Beijing Electron Positron Collider Ⅱ (BEPCⅡ), a hybrid filling pattern was realized such that a single bunch was placed in the middle of a large gap between two multi-bunch groups. Detection of fluorescence lifetime, based on the excitation of the light pulse from this designated single-bunch, was established at Beamline 4B8 of the Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility (BSRF). The timing signal of the BEPCII was utilized as a trigger to gate this fluorescence event. L-Tryptophan amino acid, a known lifetime standard, was selected to assess the lifetime measurement performance. The measured lifetime was consistent in both colliding and single-bunch mode with the time resolution down to 450 ps. Moreover, both the bunch purity and the fine structure of the hybrid filling pattern were characterized.     

Heat load of a GaAs photocathode in an SRF electron gun

A great deal of effort has been made over the last decades to develop a better polarized electron source for high energy physics. Several laboratories operate DC guns with a gallium arsenide photocathode, which yield a highly polarized electron beam. However, the beam's emittance might well be improved by using a superconducting radio frequency (SRF) electron gun, which delivers beams of a higher brightness than that from DC guns because the field gradient at the cathode is higher. SRF guns with metal and CsTe cathodes have been tested successfully. To produce polarized electrons, a Gallium-Arsenide photo-cathode must be used: an experiment to do so in a superconducting RF gun is under way at BNL. Since a bulk gallium arsenide (GaAs) photocathode is normal conducting, a problem arises from the heat load stemming from the cathode. We present our measurements of the electrical resistance of GaAs at cryogenic temperatures, a prediction of the heat load and verification by measuring the quality factor of the gun with and without the cathode at 2 K. We simulate heat generation and flow from the GaAs cathode using the ANSYS program. By following the findings with the heat load model, we designed and fabricated a new cathode holder (plug) to decrease the heat load from GaAs.     

Study on the HOMs coupler design of spoke cavity

The superconducting spoke cavity has been proposed to accelerate the proton in the low energy section of high power proton linac for an Accelerator Driven Sub-critical System (ADS). Considering that the High Order Modes (HOMs) in the superconducting cavity have far reaching influence on power dissipation and beam stability, the analysis of HOMs of the spoke cavity is needed. In this paper, we put emphasis on the analysis of HOMs of the spoke cavity and the HOMs coupler design.     

Particle-in-cell mode beam dynamics simulation of the low energy beam transport for the SSC-linac injector

A new SSC-linac system (injector into separated sector cyclotron) is being designed in the HIRFL (heavy ion research facility of Lanzhou). As part of SSC-Linac, the LEBT (low energy beam transport) consists of seven solenoids, four quadrupoles, a bending magnet and an extra multi-harmonic buncher. The total length of this segment is about 7 meters. The beam dynamics in this LEBT has been studied using three-dimensional PIC (particle-in-cell) code BEAMPATH. The simulation results show that the continuous beam from the ion source is first well analyzed by a charge-to-mass selection system, and the beam of the selected charge-to-mass ratio is then efficiently pre-bunched by a multi-harmonic buncher and optimally matched into the RFQ (radio frequency quadrupole) for further acceleration. The principles and effects of the solenoid collimation channel are discussed, and it could limit the beam emittance by changing the aperture size.