Investigation of unique hue setting changes with ageing

Clromatic sensitivity along the protan, deutan, and tritan lines and the loci of the unique hues (red, green, yellow, blue) for a very large sample (n = 185) of colour-normal observers ranging from 18 to 75 years of age are assessed. Visual judgments are obtained under normal viewing conditions using colour patches on self-luminous display under controlled adaptation conditions. Trivector discrimination thresholds show an increase as a function of age along the protan, deutan, and tritan axes, with the largest increase present along the tritan line, less pronounced shifts in unique hue settings are also observed. Based on the chromatic (protan, deutan, tritan) thresholds and using scaled cone signals, we predict the unique hue changes with ageing. A dependency on age for unique red and unique yellow for predicted hue angle is found. We conclude that the chromatic sensitivity deteriorates significantly with age, whereas the appearance of unique hues is much less affected, remaining almost constant despite the known changes in the ocular media.     

LED微阵列投影系统设计

为满足便携式投影仪的市场需求,设计了一种基于LED微型阵列的投影系统。该系统由显示单元和投影物镜构成。采用尺寸为12 mm×9 mm的自发光LED微型阵列作为系统的显示单元,利用光学设计软件设计了投影物镜。投影物镜采用反远距光学结构,全视场角为80°,焦距为8 mm,属于强光、广角镜头。在空间频率20 lp/mm处,该物镜的调制传递函数大于0. 85,畸变小于2%,符合投影系统的设计要求。该投影系统具有体积小,结构简单,投影效果好,易加工等诸多优势,可为第三代投影技术的发展提供参考。     

基于拼接的大视场虚拟现实头戴显示装置

虚拟现实技术是头戴显示技术的一个重要分支。为了提高虚拟现实头戴显示装置的视场角,获得更高的沉浸感,设计了一种基于视场拼接原理的大视场虚拟现实头戴显示装置。利用4套横向视场角为80°,且完全相同的目视光学系统,通过拼接实现大视场虚拟现实头戴显示。本装置的双目横向视场角为162°,其中每个单目系统的横向视场角为126°,双目重叠视场角为90°。     

A corresponding-state approach to quark-cluster matter

The state of super-dense matter is essential for us to understand the nature of pulsars; however, non- perturbative quantum chromodynamics makes it very difficult to make direct calculations of the state of cold matter at realistic baryon number densities inside compact stars. Nevertheless, from an observational point of view, it is conjectured that pulsars could be made up of quark clusters since the strong coupling between quarks might render the quarks to be grouped in clusters. In this paper, we attempt to find an equation of state of condensed quark-cluster matter in a phenomenological way. Supposing that the quark-clusters could be analogized to inert gases, we apply here the corresponding-state approach to derive the equation of state of quark-cluster matter, as was similarly demonstrated for nuclear and neutron-star matter in the 1970s. According to the calculations that we have presented, the quark-cluster stars, which are composed of quark-cluster matter, could have a high maximum mass that is consistent with observations and, in turn, further observations of pulsar mass could also place a constraint on the properties of quark-cluster matter. We will also briefly discuss the melting heat during the solid-liquid phase conversion and its related astrophysical consequences.     

可观测度的探讨及其在捷联惯导系统可观测性分析中的应用

可观测度是为了分析线性系统中组合状态的可观测程度而提出来的,在卡尔曼滤波的滤波效果分析中得到了应用。文中先对已有的两种可观测度分析方法进行了简述,并且分析了两种方法的等价性;然后从理论上分析了此描述方法的不全面性。通过典型例子说明了理论分析的结果,给出了一种更全面的描述系统可观测组合状态可观测度的方法,并且用新的描述方式分析了捷联惯导系统的各状态可观测度。结果表明,该数值刻画方式能够定量的给出系统状态可观测的程度,是解析分析方法的很好的补充。     

二元联合生存状态与Makeham死亡律

证明了在生存群中,如果对任意二元联合生存状态,总能找到一个联合生存状态由两个年龄相同的个体组成,并且这两个联生状态的生存分布相同,则群体死亡力为线性函数或Makeham死亡力.最终得到结论如下,二元联合生存状态中的两个个体可以由两个年龄相同的个体替代的充分必要条件是,群体死亡力服从Makeham死亡律或线性死亡律.     

基于几何均值的惩罚型状态变权向量的构造及应用

依据惩罚型状态变权向量的定义和对各因素间的均衡性要求,构造了含有几何平均值的惩罚型状态变权向量.给出了各因素的几何平均值相等和几何平均值不相等两种情况的构造方法,对多因素的变权综合提供了有效的理论支持.最后,用一个实例验证了该方法的可行性和有效性.     

科学家发现金属材料自我修复机制

自然界中的生物体和具有记忆功能的有机材料等,在遭受损伤时具有自我康复的功能。麻省理工学院的研究人员在一项金属特性实验中意外发现受损的金属也具有自我修复的功能。金属合金分子结构电脑模拟显示,微晶粒之间的边界会在压力下出现裂痕。大多数金属都是由细微的晶粒构成,这些晶粒的大小和方向能够影响金属的强度和特性。但在某些条件下,压力可以让这种晶粒的微观结构发生改变:使晶界(晶粒边界)发生移动,而晶界移动则是修复"创伤"的关键。     

Ultrafast Excited State Dynamics of t~rans-4-Aminoazobenzene Studied by Femtosecond Transient Absorption Spectroscopy

The ultrafast excited state dynamics of trans-4-aminoazobenzene （trans-4-AAB） in ethanol was investigated by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. After being excited to the S2 state by 400 nm, trans-4-AAB decays from the S2 state to the hot S1 state by internal conversion with time constant of -70 fs. The photoisomerization through inversion mechanism on the S1 potential energy surface and the internal conversion from the S1 state to the hot So state are observed, respectively. The average timescale of these two decay pathways is -0.7 ps. And the vibrational cooling of the hot So state of cis- and trans-4- AAB occur with time constants of -4 and N13 ps, respectively. Furthermore, the ultrafast intersystem crossing process are also observed. The timescale of intersystem crossing from the S2 state to the T4 state is about 480 ps while from the S1 state to the T2 state is -180 ps.     

基于HMM的机载设备状态健康评估方法研究

针对机载设备的状态健康评估问题,采用隐马尔科夫模型(HMM)对其进行性能退化程度的评估。首先引入状态条件概率矢量对HMM进行不确定性改进,并推导了其表达式;其次以状态条件概率比值为基础,给出了机载设备状态等级量化分值的计算方法,并据此设计了机载设备状态健康评估流程。最后以飞机发动机温控放大器为例进行仿真验证,结果表明上述方法能够给出直观、准确的状态评估结果。