83 K光系统Ⅱ核心复合物不同激发的荧光光谱学

在83 K低温下,利用稳态荧光光谱技术对光系统Ⅱ（PSⅡ）核心复合物中激发能的传递进行了研究,激励波长分别选择为436 nm,480 nm,495 nm和507 nm,得到4种波长激发下的稳态荧光光谱.经过比较发现其最大峰值所在的位置没有因激发波长的不同而发生改变,都在696 nm处,在不同激发波长下经过高斯解析获得不同的谱带.根据发射光谱与吸收光谱的对应性,反映了不同的光谱特性,说明在不同波长光的激发下,核心复合物中能量传递的途径不同.同时,可以分析出在核心复合物中,至少有Chl a670.4670,Chl a684.7,685.1683,Chl a689.0687,Chl a690.9,693.4,695.2,698.06904种Chl a组分参与了能量的传递.     

介观物理系统中的噪声

描述了介观物理系统中噪声的研究现况. 对热噪声和散粒噪声的物理起源做了详细介绍，热噪声是系统的能态占据数发生涨落引起的，而散粒噪声源于载流子传输的微粒特性. 还介绍了研究噪声的主要理论——散射理论，并给出了其在马鞍形半导体量子线和铁磁/绝缘体/半导体双异质结两种介观系统中的应用，指出了噪声研究的实际物理意义. 关键词： 介观物理 热噪声 散粒噪声 散射理论     

第八届亚洲物理奥林匹克竞赛中实验考题的分析

介绍了第八届亚洲物理奥林匹克竞赛中实验考题——"干涉法测量玻璃热膨胀系数和折射率温度系数"的内容、实验原理,并对实验的考试结果进行了分析.     

Mach-Zehnder Interferometer Based on Coupled Dielectric Pillars

We propose a Mach-Zehnder interferometer （MZI） based on coupled dielectric pillars. It is composed of single-row pillar coupled waveguide modulating arms and three-row pillar waveguide 3 dB couplers. The slow light property and transmission loss of the single-row pillar modulating arm are optimized by the plane wave expansion method. A short 3dB coupler is designed based on the modes transformation in three-row pillar waveguide. Finite difference time domain simulations prove the validity of this MZI and show that it has low insertion loss of 1.1 dB and high extinction ratio of 〉 12 dB.     

HL-2A tokamak disruption forecasting based on an artificial neural network

Artificial neural networks are trained to forecast the plasma disruption in HL-2A tokamak. Optimized network architecture is obtained. Saliency analysis is made to assess the relative importance of different diagnostic signals as network input. The trained networks can successfully detect the disruptive pulses of HL-2A tokamak. The results obtained show the possibility of developing a neural network predictor that intervenes well in advance for avoiding plasma disruption or mitigating its effects.     

Tribological properties of diamond-like carbon films deposited by pulsed laser arc deposition

A novel method, pulsed laser arc deposition combining the advantages of pulsed laser deposition and cathode vacuum arc techniques, was used to deposit the diamond-like carbon (DLC) nanofilms with different thicknesses. Spectroscopic ellipsometer, Auger electron spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and multi-functional friction and wear tester were employed to investigate the physical and tribological properties of the deposited films. The results show that the deposited films are amorphous and the sp$^{2}$, sp$^{3}$ and C--O bonds at the top surface of the films are identified. The Raman peak intensity and surface roughness increase with increasing film thickness. Friction coefficients are about 0.1, 0.15, 0.18, when the film thicknesses are in the range of 17--21~nm, 30--57~nm, 67--123~nm, respectively. This is attributed to the united effects of substrate and surface roughness. The wear mechanism of DLC films is mainly abrasive wear when film thickness is in the range of 17--41~nm, while it transforms to abrasive and adhesive wear, when the film thickness lies between 72 and 123~nm.     

从物理学史的角度谈与牛顿第二定律有关的几个问题

新课程要求认识物理实验在物理学中的地位和作用，强调学生通过探究过程来获取知识，而不是学生顺着教师预定的途径去思考问题或直接把学生径直引向答案．现行高中新课程物理教材大都设计了探究力、质量、加速度之间的关系的内容，主张让学生在相关实验的基础上，得到牛顿第二定律的表达式．本文中，笔者将尝试对与牛顿第二定律有关的学史内容和教学方法进行梳理，并对现有的“探究教学”提一些粗浅的想法．     

浅谈物理教学反思

20世纪80年代以来，教学反思理论在英美等国兴起，进而影响了世界范围的教育界．我国新一轮基础教育课程改革倡导教师进行教学反思，以提高教师的专业素质，增强其进一步解读与实施新课程的能力．因此，在实际的物理教学中进行教学反思势在必行．     

准确测量电源电动势和内阻的实验方法

1问题的提出 测量电源的电动势与内阻应用闭合电路欧姆定理，高中物理教材中对此提出了很多方法，但由于电流表内阻或电压表的分流，以致在测量中无论采用电流表内接还是电流表外接，都会给测量结果造成一定的误差．     

浅谈课后反思

美国著名教育家波斯纳提出了教师的成长公式：成长=经验＋反思．他认为一个教师如果不经常反思，只能停留在一个低层次的水平上．因为没有经过反思的经验是狭隘的经验，它只能形成肤浅的认识，可能阻碍教师的专业成长．只有经过反思，使原始的经验不断地处于被审视、被修正、被强化、被否定等思维加工中，去粗存精，去伪存真，这样经验才会得到提炼，得到升华，经验才能成为促进教师专业成长的有力杠杆．