Production of annular flat-topped vortex beams

A model of an annular flat-topped vortex beam based on multi-Gaussian superimposition is proposed.We experimentally produce this beam with a computer-generated hologram(CGH) displayed on a spatial light modulator(SLM).The power of the beam is concentrated on a single-ring structure and has an extremely strong radial intensity gradient.This beam facilitates various applications ranging from Sisyphus atom cooling to micro-particle trapping.     

石墨烯能带结构的紧束缚近似计算

固体能带理论是固体物理学的一个重要理论基础,被广泛应用于材料电学性质的研究。为结合科学前沿教学,以当前热门材料石墨烯为例,介绍紧束缚近似法在石墨烯能带结构计算上的详细过程,并借助Matlab软件展示了其能带结构,进而从理论上解释石墨烯所具有的独特电学性质。     

Lower Energy α Elastic Scattering on ^20Ne and Anomaly of α＋^20Ne Scattering System

The α+²⁰Ne elastic scattering angular distributions at lower incident energies of Eα= 12.7--31.1 MeV have been analyzed by using the α-folding potential based on the α+¹⁶O structure model of the ²⁰Ne nucleus. The α-folding potential with a standard Woods-Saxon type imaginary part, can reasonably describe experimental cross sections and the anomalous large angle scattering (ALAS) features. The anomaly of the α+²⁰Ne scattering system is further confirmed in the lower incident energy region.     

关于康托集类光栅的实验探究

设计制作了康托集分形衍射光栅,通过对康托集分形光栅3个阶段的夫琅禾费衍射现象的观察,根据惠更斯-菲涅耳原理,得到了一维康托集分形光栅的夫琅禾费衍射光强分布特性.     

正负电子湮灭过程的核子激发态N*产生(英文)

目前,正负电子湮灭过程的核子激发态N*产生的实验数据主要来自于粲偶素能区。粲偶素衰变到核子激发态过程类似于其类时电磁形状因子测量过程,正反粲夸克短程湮灭提供了近乎于点源的胶子强子化过程。与γN,eN,πN反应互补,这一新的N*产生源具有同位旋和低自旋筛选的优势。综述了正负电子湮灭过程的核子激发态N*产生的实验情况和相关的唯象进展,同时讨论未来发展的一些新方向,如正负电子湮灭过程的核子激发态N*产物的一些新来源等。Up to now, the N* production from e+e- annihilations has been studied only around charmonium region. Charmonium decays to N*s are analogous to (time-like) EM form factors in that the charm quark annihilation provides a nearly pointlike (ggg) current. Complementary to other sources, such as πN, eN and γN reactions, this new source for N* spectroscopy has a few advantages, such as an isospin filter and a low spin filter. The experimental results on N* from e+e- annihilations and their phenomenological implications are reviewed. Possible new sources on N* production from e+e- annihilations are discussed.     

协变密度泛函理论中的张量力效应

张量力是核子-核子相互作用的重要成分,被认为是理解奇特原子核中壳结构演化规律的关键要素。然而,目前对于核介质中的张量力及其效应的定量认识,仍存在很多亟待解决的关键问题。着重梳理了在原子核密度泛函理论框架下,研究有效相互作用中的张量力成分以及相应的张量力效应的相关工作,重点包括:基于相对论Hartree-Fock理论,以同位素链中的质子幻数壳演化为例,定量提取与分析其中的张量力效应;以及基于第一性原理的相对论Brueckner-Hartree-Fock理论,以中子滴单粒子能谱中的自旋-轨道劈裂演化为例,提出与张量力效应相关联的"准实验数据"。最后,展望原子核密度泛函理论今后可能的发展策略。Tensor force is one of the most important components of the nucleon-nucleon interaction. It plays a critical role in understanding the shell evolution in exotic nuclei. However, there are still several puzzles concerning the tensor force and its effects in the nuclear medium. In this paper, we mainly focus on the studies of tensor force in the effective interactions and its effects in finite nuclear systems within the scheme of nuclear density functional theory. In particular, we highlight the recent developments, including the quantitative analysis of tensor effects in the relativistic Hartree-Fock theory by taking the evolution of proton magic shells in the isotopic chains as an example, and the "meta-data" of tensor effects provided by the ab initio relativistic Brueckner-Hartree-Fock theory by taking the evolution of spin-orbit splitting in the single-particle spectra of neutron drops as an example. Perspectives are focused on the possible strategies for the future developments of nuclear density functional theory.     

时域实现结构球面阵的最差性能优化稳健宽带波束形成器设计

针对球面阵模态域波束形成器对传声器失配误差敏感的问题,研究了时域实现结构球面阵的最差性能优化稳健宽带波束形成器设计。揭示了波束响应误差上界的保守性是影响现有最差性能优化方法性能的主要原因,进而提出了一种波束响应误差上界更为紧凑的优化设计方法。理论分析表明,与现有最差性能优化方法相比,所提出方法的代价函数更小、且可行解的范围也更大。针对最差性能优化设计方法存在的波束指向上阵列响应随频率变化波动偏大而引起信号失真的问题,还给出了一种减小波束图在指向方向上受信号频率影响的约束方法。仿真分析结果表明:在相同传声器失配误差条件下,所提出的设计方法要优于现有方法,得到的波束图具有更低的旁瓣级。     

多媒体技术在实验教学中的作用

物理学是以观察、实验为基础的科学．无论是物理概念的建立、还是物理理论的提出与验证，都离不开实验．实验教学是物理教学的重要组成部分，它和理论教学相辅相成，实验是理论的基础，理论需要实验的验证．传统的教学结构、教学模式已不能满足现代教育的要求．实验教学要走在教学改革的前列，要大胆采用现代教育技术手段进行实验教学，把多媒体技术应用到实验教学中．多媒体技术应用于实验教学，有它得天独厚的优势．利用计算机作为终端，通过接口电路、传感器、幻灯机、     

DNA纤维的X射线衍射分析与双螺旋结构的发现

概述了DNA化学结构式确立的过程,介绍了x射线衍射分析的概念、原理和方法,阐述了物理学家威尔金斯和物理化学家富兰克林在用实验事实证明DNA双螺旋结构方面所作出的巨大贡献。