Dependence of Crystal Quality and β Value on Synthesis Temperature in Growing Gem Diamond Crystals

High quality Ib gem diamond single crystals were synthesized in cubic anvil high-pressure apparatus （SPD- 6 × 1200） under 5.4GPa and 1230℃-1280℃. The （100） face of seed crystal was used as growth face, and Ni70Mn25Co5 alloy was used as solvent/catalyst. The dependence of crystal quality andβ value （the ratio of height to diameter of diamond crystal） on synthesis temperature was studied. When the synthesis temperature is between 1230℃ and 1280℃, theβ value of the synthetic high-quality gem diamond crystals is between 0.4 and 0.6. The results show that when theβ value is between 0.4 and O. 45, the synthetic diamonds are sheet-shape crystals; however, when theβ value is between 0.45 and 0.6, the synthetic diamonds are tower-shape crystals. In addition, when theβ value is less than 0.4, skeleton crystals will appear. When theβ value is more than 0.6, most of the synthetic diamond crystals are inferior crystals.     

（Na0.52K0.44Li0.04）Nb0.9-xSbxTa0.1O3 Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramics with High Performance and High Curie Temperature

（Na0.52K0.44Li0.04）Nb0.9-x Sbx Ta0.1O3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics are prepared by a solid-state reaction method. With increasing Sb content, the transition temperature from orthorhombic to tetragonal polymorphic phase decreased. A composition （Na0.52K0.44Li0.04）Nb0.863Sb0.037Ta0.1O3 is found to possess excellent piezo- electric and electromechanical performances （d33 = 306pC/N, kp =48%, and kt=50%）, and high Curie temperature （Tc = 320 ℃）. These results indicate that （Na0.52K0.44Li0.04）Nb0.863Sb0.037 Ta0.1O3 is a promising lead-free piezoceramics replacement for lead zirconate titanate.     

Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Helium Behaviour in Titanium Crystals

Molecular dynamics simulations are performed to investigate the behaviour of helium atoms in titanium at a temperature of 30OK. The nucleation and growth of helium bubble has been simulated up to 50 helium atoms. The approach to simulate the bubble growth is to add helium atoms one by one to the bubble and let the system evolve. The titanium cohesion is based on the tight binding scheme derived from the embedded atom method, and the helium-titanium interaction is characterized by fitted potential in the form of a Lennard-Jones function. The pressure in small helium bubbles is approximately calculated. The simulation results show that the pressure will decrease with the increasing bubble size, while increase with the increasing helium atoms. An analytic function about the quantitative relationship of the pressure with the bubble size and number of helium atoms is also fitted.     

Temperature Influence on Divergence Angles of Quartz Crystal Wollaston Prism

We propose a structural angle and main refractive indices as two key factors to understand the temperature influence on the divergence angles of the Wollaston prism. The temperature influence on the divergence angles of quartz crystal Wollaston prism is studied theoretically. The results show that divergence angles decrease with increasing temperature, while the divergence angle of e-light decrease more quickly than that of o-light. The testing system is established to verify the above results, and the experimental results are in agreement well with the theoretical analysis.     

Fluctuation of Mesoscopic RLC Circuit at Finite Temperature

We consider the fluctuation of mesoscopic RLC circuit at finite temperature since a resistance always produces Joule heat when the circuit is working. By virtue of the thermo field dynamics and the coherent thermo state representation we show that the quantum mechanical zero-point fluctuations of both charge and current increase with the rising temperature and the resistance value.     

Temperature Dependence of Photoluminescence from Single and Ensemble InAs/GaAs Quantum Dots

We investigate the temperature dependence of photoluminescence from single and ensemble InAs/GaAs quantum dots systematically. As temperature increases, the exciton emission peak for single quantum dot shows broadening and redshift. For ensemble quantum dots, however, the exciton emission peak shows narrowing and fast redshift. We use a simple steady-state rate equation model to simulate the experimental data of photoluminescence spectra. It is confirmed that carrier-phonon scattering gives the broadening of the exciton emission peak in single quantum dots while the effects of carrier thermal escape and retrapping play an important role in the narrowing and fast redshift of the exciton emission peak in ensemble quantum dots.     

Effect of Temperature and Ionic Concentration on Self-Assembled Films of Chicago Sky Blue

We employ a layer-by-layer adsorption technique for deposition on solid substrates of polyionic films of Chicago Sky Blue. Film growth was significant with the increasing number of layers. Photochemical properties of these films are investigated for different ionic concentrations. A significant blue shift is observed with the increasing ionic strength of the solution, suggesting the formation of aggregation. Temperature effect studies show some preferable reorientation of molecules in the film during cooling process. Most remarkable observation is that the absorption intensity is the highest for a particular degree of inclination. Deposition time is fixed at 15rain because adsorption kinetics results show saturation after 15 min.     

Effects of Li Substitution and Sintering Temperature on Properties of Bi0.5（Na,K）0.5TiO3 Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramics

Bi0.5 （Na0.72K0.28- x Lix ）0.5 TiO3 （BNKLT- 100x） lead-free piezoelectric ceramics are synthesized by conventional solid state sintering techniques. The dielectric and piezoelectric properties of the BNKLT-100x ceramics as a function of Li content are systematically investigated. It is found that not only Li content but also the sintering temperature has a strong effect on the piezoelectric properties of BNKLT. The piezoelectric constant d33 Of BNKLT varies from 120 to 252pC/N in the Li content range from 0.03 to 0.16. In the sintering temperature range from 1080 to 1130℃, the d33 value of BNKLT-6 changes from 200pC/N to 252pC/N. The BNKLT-6 sample sintered at 1100℃ has the highest piezoelectric constant d33 of 252pC/N, with the electromechanical coupling factors kp of 0.32 and kt of 0.44.     

Effect of Elongation on Critical Gradient for Toroidal Electron Temperature Gradient Modes

The electron temperature gradient mode is investigated in elongated toroidal plasmas with a gyrokinetic integral eigenmode equation code. Dependence of the critical electron temperature gradient on the elongation is calculated. It is found that when the elongation increases, the growth rate spectrum is greatly shifted towards shorter poloidal wavelength, and then the poloidal wavenumber at which the mode is destabilizing critically in elongated plasmas will be larger than that in circular plasmas.     

关于焦耳定律实验的讨论

焦耳定律Q=I2Rt是中学物理中重要的电学定律,对于焦耳定律的实验演示,教材或教参上常用的方法主要有:(1)传统的煤油吸热法.将阻值不同的电阻丝串联后插入盛有相同质量煤油的量热器中,通电后看哪个量热器中煤油温度升高快,从而说明热量与阻值的关系;再将阻值相同的电阻丝插入相同质量的煤油中,通以不同的电流,看哪个量热器中煤油温度升高快,从而说明热量与电流的关系.