氯化聚乙烯弹性体的固相法合成

讨论了以固相法合成氯化聚乙烯（ＣＰＥ）弹性体的过程．实验结果表明，以固相氯化反应所得的ＣＰＥ，其大分子链上Ｃｌ取代基的分布比水相悬浮法更均匀．氯化过程的温度直接影响氯化速度及分子结构，如残留结晶、氯分布等．而聚乙烯颗粒表面与内部的氯化程度取决于氯化速度．大分子链上Ｃｌ取代基对邻近基团的氯化起阻碍作用     

Effects of Calcination Temperature on the Acidity and Catalytic Performances of HZSM-5 Zeolite Catalysts for the Catalytic Cracking of n-Butane

The acidic modulations of a series of HZSM-5 catalysts were successfully made by calcination at different treatment temperatures, i.e. 500, 600, 650, 700 and 800 ℃, respectively. The results indicated that the total acid amounts, their density and the amount of B-type acid of HZSM-5 catalysts rapidly decreased, while the amounts of L-type acid had almost no change and thus the ratio of L/B was obviously enhanced with the increase of calcination temperature (excluding 800 ℃). The catalytic performances of modified HZSM-5 catalysts for the cracking of n-butane were also investigated. The main properties of these catalysts were characterized by means of XRD, N2 adsorption at low temperature, NH3-TPD, FTIR of pyridine adsorption and BET surface area measurements. The results showed that HZSM-5 zeolite pretreated at 800 ℃ had very low catalytic activity for n-butane cracking. In the calcination temperature range of 500-700 ℃, the total selectivity to olefins, propylene and butene were increased with the increase of calcination temperature, while, the selectivity for arene decreased with the calcination temperature.The HZSM-5 zeolite calcined at 700 ℃ produced light olefins with high yield, at the reaction temperature of 650 ℃ the yields of total olefins and ethylene were 52.8% and 29.4%, respectively. Besides, the more important role is that high calcination temperature treatment improved the duration stability of HZSM-5zeolites. The effect of calcination temperature on the physico-chemical properties and catalytic performance of HZSM-5 for cracking of n-butane was explored. It was found that the calcination temperature had large effects on the surface area, crystallinity and acid properties of HZSM-5 catalyst, which further affected the catalytic performance for n-butane cracking.     

负载型Au-Pd双金属催化剂的制备及其对CO氧化的催化活性

采用改性的等体积浸渍法制备了SiO2负载的Au-Pd双金属催化剂,考察了催化剂的焙烧温度对CO氧化反应活性的影响.与623,723和773K的条件下焙烧的催化剂相比,673K焙烧的催化剂具有良好的催化CO氧化活性,CO完全转化温度低于398K.应用N2物理吸附、X射线衍射、程序升温还原、CO程序升温脱附及X射线光电子能谱等技术对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,673K焙烧的催化剂具有最大的比表面积和最小的孔径,存在Au0,Pd0和PdO相,AuxPdy合金相很少;而773K焙烧的催化剂上除了含有Au0,Pd0和PdO相外,还存在明显的AuxPdy合金相.具有大比表面积,小孔径,Au0,Pd0和PdO多相共存的催化剂可使CO的吸附量增加,催化活性提高;而AuxPdy合金相的生成并不能提高催化剂的催化活性.     

甲基丙烯酸N,N-二甲氨基乙酯与丙烯酰β-环糊精共聚水凝胶的合成及其性能研究

用不同的方法合成了两种结构不同的丙烯酰 β 环糊精酯 (β CD 3 A和 β CD 6 A) ,以此为单体与甲基丙烯酸N ,N 二甲氨基乙酯 (DMAEMA)通过氧化还原自由基引发聚合 ,合成出两类含 β 环糊精结构单元的新型水凝胶 .用核磁共振 ,红外光谱及元素分析对两种单体及共聚物的结构和组成进行了表征 .溶胀实验结果表明 ,两类水凝胶均具有较好的pH、温度及离子强度敏感性 ,且因其交联网络结构不同 ,其溶胀性能有所差异     

温度及pH值敏感水凝胶的合成和应用

直接将丙烯酸单体与N-异丙基丙烯酸胺共聚交联合成了温度及pH值敏感的水凝胶。包埋于水凝胶中的药物的释放随温度升高和pH值增大而加快，药物的释放兼有温度和pH值敏感性，对pH值的响应更加显著。     

某些有机物在氧化物载体表面的自发单层分散

自发单层分散原理已在载负型催化剂制备、再生等方面得到越来越广泛的应用[1，2]．许多氧化物和盐类可以在载体表面形成单层分散或亚单层分散．有些分散物与载体混合后在低于其熔点的温度下处理，就可以自发分散到载体表面[1，3]．这一现象通过XRD、LRS、XPS、SIMS、ISS、EXAFS     

Theoretical and Experimental Study on the Adsorption and Desorption of Methane by Granular Activated Carbon at 25 ℃

A theoretical and experimental study was conducted to accurately determine the amount of adsorption and desorption of methane by various Granular Activated Carbon(GAC)under different physical conditions.To carry out the experiments,the volumetric method was used up to 500 psia at constant temperature of 25℃.In these experiments,adsorption as well as desorption capacities of four different GAC in the adsorption of methane,the major constituent of natural gas,at various equilibrium pressures and a constant temperature were studied.Also,various adsorption isotherm models were used to model the experimental data collected from the experiments.The accuracy of the results obtained from the adsorption isotherm models was compared and the values for the regressed parameters were reported.The results shows that the physical characteristics of activated carbons such as BET surface area,micropore volume,packing density,and pore size distribution play an important role in the amount of methane to be adsorbed and desorbed.     

碳酸氢氨沉淀法制备超细球化二氧化铈粉体

用碳酸氢氨均匀沉淀制备超细球化二氧化铈粉体。当烧结温度在400～700℃时用XRD分析，CeO2粉体尺寸为lO～100nm；用颗粒仪测得团聚体尺寸约为300nm；用SEM，TG—DTA和Zeta分析仪分析研究了CeO2晶体及形成过程，在沉淀法制取球化CeO2粉体过程中，NH4NO3起到球化剂的作用。     

高铁酸盐在Sn02-Sb2O3／Ti电极上的选择性电化学合成

合成了SnO2-Sb2O3／Ti电极材料．实验结果证实，在14mol／L NaOH水溶液中和完全避免析氧反应的条件下，Fe(Ⅲ)物种在该电极上进行电化学氧化并生成FeO4^2-．结果表明，Fe(OH)。在浓NaOH溶液中发生酸式电离，形成可溶于水的FeO2^-，该离子的浓度随着碱溶液浓度变化而发生明显变化，而且它还是发生化学氧化和电化学氧化的反应物．在SnO2-Sb2O3／Ti电极上，FeO4^2-的电化学还原起始电位为0．38V(vs.Hg／HgO，14mol／L NaOH)，FeO2^-电化学氧化起始电位为0．54V．结果还表明，用电化学方法氧化Fe(Ⅲ)物种生成FeO4^2-是个多步骤过程．     

便携式温度计校验仪的研制

介绍便携式温度计校验仪的工作原理及研制过程。对该仪器的恒温槽体机械结构、制冷器和散热器的设计、恒温槽体温度测量及控制等进行了详细叙述。该仪器提供的温度场稳定、均匀，在-20～100℃范围内可任意设定温度。解决了温度计现场快速校准的问题。