涡流检测的数值模拟与缺陷定量分析

随着涡流检测技术的不断发展，不仅要求准确检测出缺陷，且还需对缺陷进行定量、定性评价。涡流检测中阻抗信号变化是进行缺陷检测和定量分析的依据：测量或计算缺陷的阻抗信号，称为涡流检测的正向问题；从阻抗信号推断出缺陷的定量定性特征，则是逆向问题。借助于有限元模拟方法，对涡流检测时的正向问题进行了求解计算；利用傅里叶变换和神经网络方法，对涡流检测时的逆向问题进行了分析。     

球状闪电之谜

 设想有一天,雷鸣电闪,而你正靠在炉边的躺椅上,悠闲地品茶阅报,忽然发现一个西瓜大小,红艳艳的火球已神不知鬼不觉地溜进了你的房间。看着它在空中游荡,你头脑中第一个反应是什么呢?幻觉?鬼魂?或者UFO?还是当成是你的调皮弟弟的恶作剧?而更大的可能是你已经猜到了:这是球状闪电!     

Formation of Small Bottle Light Beams

A method for obtaining small bottle light beams, e.g. 0.92λ×0.4λ, in a high numerical-aperture lens system is proposed and numerically demonstrated. This can be achieved by changing the radius of each zone of the binary element and polarization rotation angle of the cylindrically polarized vectorial vortex beam. It is found that the transversal and axial sizes of this bottle beam are equal to about 0.92λ and 0.4λ, respectively. In addition, the connection between angular momentum and topological Pancharatnam charge is also shown.     

圆柱和直桨叶突然启动瞬态流动的数值研究

采用基于动网格方法的有限体积法对圆柱和直桨叶突然启动引起的二维非定常不可压粘性流进行了数值模拟,给出了计算方法.通过计算得到了Re=5000和9500时圆柱突然启动后的流场随时间演化的非定常过程.将计算结果与实验结果进行了对比,两者吻合较好;采用大涡模拟对高雷诺数下的直桨叶突然旋转启动的流场进行了计算,得到了完成启动后叶片内部瞬态流场的分布结果.     

非对称蛇形旋转通道换热及流场数值研究

为了深入了解空冷涡轮动叶的冷却机理和冷气流动特性,采用商业软件CFX5对旋转状态下某涡轮动叶的非对称蛇形内冷通道模型中的湍流流动和换热性能进行了数值模拟.得到了各主要换热面的换热系数分布,分析了通道内的流动规律.发现肋片结构与旋转因素引起了通道内的横向二次流,使整体的换热能力得到了增强,其中非对称因素及旋转因素导致了各个壁面的换热性能的差异.     

Hyperbolic Bending of Vortex Lines with Finite Number and Length in Rotating Trapped Bose-Einstein Condensates

The minimal energy configurations of hyperbolic bending vortex lines in the rotating trapped Bose-Einstein condensates are investigated by using a variational ansatz and numerical simulation. The theoretical calculation of the energy of the vortex lines as a function of the rotation frequency gives self-consistently vortex number, curvature and configuration. The numerical results show that bending is more stable than straight vortex line along the z-axis, and the vortex configuration in the xy-plane has a little expansion by increasing z.     

Subgrid-scale contributions to Lagrangian time correlations in isotropic turbulence

The application of large-eddy simulation （LES） to particle-laden turbulence raises such a fundamental question as whether the LES with a subgrid scale （SGS） model can correctly predict Lagrangian time correlations （LTCs）. Most of the currently existing SGS models are constructed based on the energy budget equations. Therefore, they are able to correctly predict energy spectra, but they may not ensure the correct prediction on the LTCs. Previous researches investigated the effect of the SGS modeling on the Eulerian time correlations. This paper is devoted to study the LTCs in LES. A direct numerical simulation （DNS） and the LES with a spectral eddy viscosity model are performed for isotropic turbulence and the LTCs are calculated using the passive vector method. Both a priori and a posteriori tests are carried out. It is observed that the subgrid;scale contributions to the LTCs cannot be simply ignored and the LES overpredicts the LTCs than the DNS. It is concluded from the straining hypothesis that an accurate prediction of enstrophy spectra is most critical to the prediction of the LTCs.     

SH15树脂吸附胞二磷胆碱的热力学及动力学研究

静态条件下,研究了SH15树脂吸附水溶液中胞二磷胆碱(CDPC)的热力学和动力学特性.测定了不同温度下,热力学性质的变化.实验结果表明,SH15树脂对CDPC吸附平衡数据符合Langmmuir吸附等温方程,吸附过程为自发的物理吸附过程.考察了温度、溶液浓度、树脂粒径和搅拌速率对吸附过程的影响.运用动边界模型(MBM)描述了SH15树脂吸附CDPC的动力学过程,确定在实验条件范围内,SH15树脂吸附CDPC的吸附速度受颗粒扩散控制,并计算出吸附过程的表观活化能为9.73kJ/mol,反应级数为0.47,速率常数为0.0744,并推导出CDPC:在SH15树脂上的动力学总方程.     

静动干涉流动的分离涡模拟研究

本文基于一种并行高精度的静动交接面处理方法,采用了SA模型及基于SA的分离涡模拟DES方法,进行了某压气机静动干涉流动的计算.研究表明对本文算例,在微小分离处,如20%到80%叶高处,DES与SA计算出的流动损失相差很小;而在大分离处,如叶根叶顶处,DES结果与SA差别较大,并且DES可更好地描述涡结构.在叶顶处,DES计算出比SA更强的泄漏流动,导致更大的损失.在叶根处,DES计算出了明显的静叶动态尾迹涡脱落现象,这一现象导致了与SA不一样的损失机理,即脱落涡与动叶头部相撞而产生时序效应,从而使计算损失较小.同时,本文研究结果与之前对孤立静叶的研究是相互验证的.