不同Pt-SnO2制备工艺对乙醇燃料电池性能影响

本文在石墨烯改性碳纤维的基础上,通过添加聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)造孔、浸渍法、水热法制备出不同的Pt-SnO2/改性碳纤维阳极催化剂。以扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、拉曼光谱图、电催化性能、单电池发电性能等手段来表征和测试,结果表明添加PVDF造孔后催化剂催化性能最好,峰电流密度可达137.33mA.cm-2,其电阻也明显减少,当制备成单电池时也具有最高功率密度,为22.89 mW.cm-2。     

Al2O3担载Ni-Cr/MgAl2O4催化剂催化乙醇水蒸气重整制氢研究

利用浸渍法制备了担载于γ-Al2O3上的Ni-Cr/MgAl2O4尖晶石催化剂,考察了催化剂对乙醇水蒸气重整的性能,结合X射线衍射(XRD)的表征结果,研究了催化剂的构效关系.实验结果表明,Ni、Cr担载量为15%和5%的催化剂对乙醇中低温水蒸气重整反应(SRE)表现出较高的催化活性和选择性,400℃时乙醇转化率可达到98.9%,氢气选择性为51.4%;450℃时,转化率可达到100%,氢气选择性为73.8%.     

CuO／CeO2，Cu／CeO2催化剂的制备、表征及其在低温CO氧化中的运用

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备CeO2纳米粉体并作为载体用浸渍法制备CuO／CeO2，Cu／CeO2催化剂。运用微反一色谱装置以及HRTEM，XRD，TPR，XPS等手段对CeO2，CuO／CeO2，Cu／CeO2催化剂进行了催化活性及结构表征。研究结果表明，在本研究给定的反应条件下，单纯的CuO没有催化活性，单纯的CeO2的催化活性也很低。而CuO／CeO2，Cu／CeO2催化剂的催化活性则大大提高，而且前者的活性要高于后者。     

浸渍液对MgO表面性质的影响

浸渍液对ＭｇＯ表面性质的影响蔡炳新（湖南大学化学化工学院，长沙４１００１２）毛建新郑小明（杭州大学催化研究所，杭州３１００２８）关键词浸渍液，氧化镁，表面性质，乙烷，氧化脱氢分类号Ｏ６４３近年来，甲烷氧化偶联催化剂一直是热门的研究课题．普遍认为Ｍｇ...     

CeO2/RP-PSCFM@CoFe阳极材料用于质子导体乙烷燃料电池共生乙烯和电能

The continuous consumption and excessive use of fossil fuels promote the exploration of new energy conversion technologies. Meanwhile, the increase in the supply of ethane encourages the development of industrial technology for the production of ethylene chemical raw materials. Compared with traditional fossil fuel energy conversion equipment, solid oxide ethane cogeneration fuel cells are an efficient energy processing device. Through selective oxidation of fuel gas on the anode, the endothermic process of ethane dehydrogenation is converted into an exothermic oxidation reaction, which has a greater driving force for reaction thermodynamics, and simultaneously produces clean electricity and value-added chemicals without CO₂ emissions. The anode material used for the proton conductor ethane fuel cells needs to operate stably and efficiently under hydrocarbon fuel. Consequently, excellent catalytic activity, low polarization resistance, and anti-coking stability are essential. In this work, CeO₂ was uniformly impregnated into the surface of the porous cubic perovskite Pr_0.4Sr_0.6Co_0.2Fe_0.7Mo_0.1O_3−δ anode by wet impregnation, and then calcined and reduced to obtain a CeO₂/RP-PSCFM@CoFe composite anode embedded with nanoparticles, which was successfully used in electrolyte-supported proton conductor fuel cells. CeO₂ has a high ionic conductivity and transport capacity, which accelerates the transfer rate of protons on the anode and improves the catalytic reaction and transport process. Moreover, uniformly dispersed CeO₂ can effectively increase the three-phase interface of the anode reaction and increase the range of reaction activity. The peak power densities before and after wet impregnation reached 172 and 253 mW·cm⁻², respectively, at 750 ℃. When switching to ethane as the fuel, the peak power densities reached 136 and 183 mW·cm⁻², respectively. The polarization resistance of the impregnated single cell was significantly reduced, and the catalytic activity improved. Moreover, there was no attenuation for 10 h in the long-term test. Inversely, the current density increased with the continuous reduction of the composite anode. Product analysis revealed that the yield of ethylene increased from 23.52% at 650 ℃ to 34.09% at 750 ℃, and the ethylene selectivity exceeded 94%. These results clearly show that the impregnated anode exhibited excellent catalytic activity and anti-coking ability in hydrocarbon fuels at high temperatures. Combining CoFe nanoparticles with CeO₂ enhanced the electronic conductance and ionic conductance of the electrode, improved the transmission of electric energy and the efficient conversion of chemicals, thus successfully producing the cogeneration of electric energy and ethylene.     

镍基重整催化剂的抗积炭性能研究

通过对不同镍基催化剂的积炭性能考察,得出抗积炭能力大小为Ni-0.75La-BaTiO3O3＞Ni-BaTiO3＞Ni/γ-Al2O3.研究了K和Mn作助剂对镍基重整催化剂的积炭和寿命影响.表明K和Mn的添加有利于催化剂的抗积炭和延长了催化剂的使用寿命.稀土La以不同的方式加入到催化剂中,都能使积炭量减小,催化剂使用寿命延长.其中以Ni-La-BaTiO3积炭量最少,使用寿命最长.     

高分散还原态Pt基催化剂的制备及其NO氧化的催化性能（英文）

Pt~0被认为是NO氧化的活性物种,而催化剂的制备方法对活性物种的含量起着决定性作用。本文采用非惰性气氛保护的改性醇还原-浸渍法(MARI)合成了高分散高Pt~0含量的1%(w,质量分数) Pt/SiO₂―Al₂O₃催化剂(MA-Pt/SA)。X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、CO-漫反射傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱(CO-DRIFTS)和透射电镜(TEM)表征证实在550℃焙烧3 h后催化剂的Pt颗粒仅有3.8 nm。同时,X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和H₂-程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)结果表明催化剂具有高Pt~0含量(60.3%)。模拟柴油车尾气气氛进行活性测试,并与传统浸渍法制备的1%(w) Pt/SiO₂―Al₂O₃催化剂(C-Pt/SA)对比,结果显示MA-Pt/SA具有优异的催化氧化性能,其NO最大转化率高达74%,比C-Pt/SA的NO转化率高了23%。经670℃高温老化15 h后,老化的MA-Pt/SA的NO转化...     

超导线圈VPI过程动态模型分析

针对A15型超导磁体真空压力浸渍的实际需要,研究了超导磁体真空压力浸渍(VPI)的过程,并以渗流力学为基础对超导磁体恒温立式VPI动态过程进行了建模计算。由于浸渍树脂的流变特性会随时间变化,因此浸渍需要考虑到浸渍树脂的动态变化。对于浸渍中经常使用的两种低温性能良好的环氧树脂—DW3型和CTD101K型,采用流变仪对其流变特性进行了测量并以Arrhenius模型建立了固化模型。将树脂的固化模型带入恒温立式VPI动态模型进行计算,计算结果表明,浸渍区域的半径、浸渍温度、浸渍用环氧的种类和浸渍时间等因素都会影响到浸渍的最终结果。     

介孔纳米 MoPO-AlPO4 的制备及其对异丁烯选择氧化的催化性能

 分别采用溶胶-凝胶法和等体积浸渍法制备了 MoPO-AlPO4 催化剂, 考察了钼物种存在状态对催化剂晶格氧活性以及异丁烯选择氧化反应性能的影响. N2 吸附-脱附、X 射线衍射、高分辨透射电镜、X 射线光电子能谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱、程序升温还原和微反实验结果表明, 与浸渍法制备的催化剂相比, 溶胶-凝胶法制备的 MoPO-AlPO4 催化剂为介孔纳米材料, 其比表面积和孔数量均有较大程度的提高. 在浸渍法制备的催化剂中, 钼物种以四面体 MoO42− 和八表面体 MoO66− 形式存在; 而在溶胶-凝胶法制备的催化剂中钼物种主要以四面体 MoO42− 的形式存在, 并有部分钼物种嵌入到了 AlPO4 骨架中. 钼物种的种类对异丁烯选择氧化反应的活性和选择性有较大影响, 溶胶-凝胶法制备的催化剂由于嵌入 AlPO4 骨架中钼物种的存在, 异丁烯选择氧化反应性能得到较大提高.