烟草热解残余物中自由基的分析

使用顺磁共振波谱技术研究了烟草热解残余物中自由基的形成及其在环境中的转化。研究结果表明:烟草热解时会在其残余物上形成大量自由基。热解温度较低时(400~500℃)主要形成以O原子为中心的自由基,而热解温度较高(600~700℃)时,主要形成以C原子为中心的自由基。烟草热解残余物与空气接触后,会生成新的以O原子为中心的自由基,从而使自由基数量在短时间(60~120 min)内增加,随后自由基数量和种类趋于稳定,并可长期存在于环境中。     

中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所分离分析科学技术研究室甘肃省天然药物重点实验室

正简介中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所分离分析科学技术研究室/甘肃省天然药物重点实验室是集基础研究与应用研究于一体的高技术科研机构。基础学科属分析化学领域,主要研究方向有分离分析科学,天然药物化学,分子识别化学等。研究内容重点涉及现代分离理论、分离机理、分离新模式;分离分析用新材料、痕量分析技术、复杂样品分析技术、联用分析技术;样品前处理与纯化制备技术;有机化合物结构鉴定光谱与波谱技术等。甘肃省天然药物重点实验室是在中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所分离分析科学技术研究室的基础上经甘肃省科技厅批准挂牌运行的省级重点实验室。实     

新型生物相容性大分子磁共振成像造影剂的性质研究

将天冬氨酸与亮氨酸反应,合成了天冬氨酸-亮氨酸共聚物(PL),通过乙二胺将钆-1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷-1,4,7,10-四乙酸(Gd-DOTA)连接到PL上,制备了大分子磁共振成像造影剂PL-A2-DOTA-Gd,通过核磁碳谱、凝胶色谱等方法对其结构进行了表征,利用细胞毒性实验、溶血性实验、体外弛豫效率测定以及体内动物磁共振成像等方法对其性能进行了评估。研究表明,PL-A2-DOTA-Gd的细胞毒性远低于临床应用的造影剂Gd-DOTA,且其弛豫效率(15.3 L/(mmol·s))是Gd-DOTA(5.8 L/(mmol·s))的2.6倍。大分子磁共振成像造影剂PL-A2-DOTA-Gd具有良好的血液相容性,对昆明小鼠的肝脏信号的增强效果约为Gd-DOTA的3.1倍,且能在较长时间内保持良好稳定的增强效果。     

部分还原二氧化钛的NMR和EPR研究

Partially reduced TiO₂ nanomaterials have attracted significant interest because of their visible-light activity for catalysis and photodegradation. Herein, we prepared a partially reduced anatase TiO₂ (Re-A-TiO₂) nanoparticle material using a fast combustion method, demonstrating good activity toward decomposing methyl orange under visible light irradiation. The surface structure of the prepared material, after being surface-selectively ¹⁷O-labeled with H₂¹⁷O (¹⁷O-enriched water), was studied via ¹⁷O and ¹H solid-state magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, and the obtained results were compared to those of non-reduced anatase TiO₂ (A-TiO₂). The EPR results showed that the concentrations of paramagnetic species (i.e., oxygen vacancies (OV) and Ti³⁺) in Re-A-TiO₂ were much higher than that in A-TiO₂, while the former was associated with a higher OV/Ti³⁺ ratio. The intensities of the EPR signals were significantly affected by the adsorbed water, and this phenomenon was explored in combination with ¹H NMR spectroscopy. The ¹H species on Re-A-TiO₂ appeared at larger chemical shifts, denoting the increased acidity of the sample, and these ¹H species on Re-A-TiO₂ were more difficult to remove than those on A-TiO₂. On the other hand, different features were observed for the signals arising from the two-coordinated oxygen atoms (μ₂-O) in ¹⁷O NMR, suggesting a typical anatase TiO₂(101) surface on A-TiO₂, but a more complex surface environment for Re-A-TiO₂. Furthermore, a larger amount of hydroxyl groups (OH) were observed on Re-A-TiO₂ compared to that on A-TiO₂, indicating a larger proportion of exposed (001) facets on Re-A-TiO₂. However, the μ₂-O signals broadened and became similar when the drying temperature was increased to 100 ℃, indicating a non-faceted anatase TiO₂ surface in such conditions. Based on the EPR and NMR results, a significant fraction of the OH species is believed to be formed from the reaction of the paramagnetic centers and adsorbed water molecules. The ¹H→¹⁷O cross polarization (CP) MAS and two-dimensional heteronuclear correlation (2D HETCOR) NMR spectra were used to verify the spatial proximity of the hydrogen and oxygen species, confirming the spectral assignments of a strongly adsorbed water and one type of surface OH species. In particular, the ¹H NMR signals at approximately 11 ppm were ascribed to the hydrogen species in the intramolecular hydrogen bond. In summary, this study investigated the paramagnetic species and surface structure of anatase TiO₂ materials by combining EPR along with ¹H and ¹⁷O solid-state NMR spectroscopy. The differences in the surface structures of Re-A-TiO₂ and A-TiO₂ should be closely related to their different properties toward the photodegradation of methyl orange.     

CdTe/Mn3 O4/SiO2荧光/磁共振双模成像纳米球的制备与表征

成功地制备了CdTe/Mn_3O_4/SiO_2核壳结构的荧光/磁共振成像双功能纳米球,并用透射电镜(TEM)、能谱分析(EDXA)、磁共振成像(MRI)、红外、荧光光谱等对其结构、磁共振成像和发光性能进行了表征。TEM照片显示所合成的纳米球具有明显的球形核壳结构。EDXA分析显示所制备的CdTe/Mn_3O_4/SiO_2纳米球表面只检测到Si和O元素,证明CdTe量子点和Mn_3O_4纳米立方体被成功地包被于二氧化硅纳米球之内。荧光发射光谱显示相对于CdTe量子点,CdTe/Mn_3O_4/SiO_2纳米球荧光发射光谱虽然发生了一定的蓝移,但是仍具有良好的荧光性能。MRI分析可知CdTe/Mn_3O_4/SiO_2纳米球的弛豫参数(r_1)为3.88 s~(-1)(mg·L~(-1))~(-1),说明所合成的CdTe/Mn_3O_4/SiO_2纳米球可用于T_1-加权磁共振成像。细胞毒性实验表明,当CdTe/Mn_3O_4/SiO_2溶液浓度达到300μg·mL~(-1)时,细胞活力仍可达到90%以上,表明此浓度对细胞的毒性作用较弱。     

脯氨酸类N-酰胺衍生物的核磁共振研究

脯氨酸类衍生物结构独特,鲜有报道利用核磁共振（nuclear magnetic resonance,NMR）技术对氨基酸的手性进行鉴别.利用多种NMR技术:1H NMR、1H-1H同核位移相关谱（1H-1H COSY）、1H-1H质子全相关谱（1H-1H TOCSY）、1H-1H核Overhauser效应谱（1H-1H NOESY）、13C NMR、无畸变的极化转移增强法（DEPT135°）、1H-13C检出1H的异核单量子相干（1H-13C HSQC）和1H-13C检出1H的异核多键相关（1H-13C HMBC）,对脯氨酸类N-酰胺衍生物两种构象异构体的1H和13C NMR进行了全归属,确定了室温下在二甲基亚砜（DMSO）中L型和D型的顺反异构体以相同的比例同时存在.     

基于硅基硼掺金刚石电极的电化学-原位核磁共振波谱电解池的设计、制备与可行性研究

电化学与核磁共振波谱联用技术(EC-NMR)可以实时监测电化学反应过程,从分子水平阐释反应机理,是一种非常有前景的无损在线检测技术.本文首次报道以硅基硼掺金刚石(Si/BDD)作为工作电极的原位EC-NMR三电极单室电解池的设计和制作.研究表明,由于尺寸12.5 mm×1.2 mm×0.5 mm的Si/BDD电极在核磁...     

浅析波谱分析课程教学改革

根据在波谱分析课程教学中遇到的一些实际问题,本文探讨了便于波谱分析课程教学的几种方法,并收到了较好的教学效果.     

Ba2MgGe2O7:Cr4+晶体中荷移激发态对g因子贡献的研究

文章建立了立方四面体3d2络合物g因子的完全高阶微扰公式.在这个公式中,除了与d-d跃迁光谱(晶场激发态)有关的晶场(CF)机制的贡献(包括近年发展的双旋-轨耦合参量模型)外,与电荷转移光谱(荷移激发态)有关的荷移(CT)机制的贡献也被考虑.将这个公式应用于Ba2MgGe2O7:Cr4 晶体平均g因子的计算,发现理论计算值与实验值很好的一致,同时,荷移机制对g移动△g(=g-2.002 3)的贡献△gCT在符号上与晶场机制的贡献△gCF相反,而在大小上约为晶场机制贡献的38%.因此,在对高价态过渡金属离子络合物的g因子计算时应考虑CF机制和CT机制的贡献.