异辛烷/正庚烷混合燃料燃烧中间产物的浓度分布特性

用同步辐射单光子电离和分子束取样技术结合飞行时间质谱仪,在低压预混层流火焰中测量异辛烷/正庚烷混合燃料(体积比9:1)在当量比为1.0时燃烧的主要中间产物.检测出24种主要中间产物,计算各种物质的摩尔分数,对其空间浓度分布进行比较分析,得出不同温度下的物质生成历程.添加金属矿物质可以明显改变热解过程中燃料氮向N2的转化特性.     

Modification of Band Gap of -SiC by N-Doping

The geometrical and electronic structures of nitrogen-doped β-SiC are investigated by employing the first principles of plane wave ultra-soft pseudo-potential technology based on density functional theory. The structures of SiC1-xNx （x = 0, 1/32, 1/16, 1/8, 1/4） with different doping concentrations are optimized. The results reveal that the band gap of β-SiC transforms from an indirect band gap to a direct band gap with band gap shrinkage after carbon atoms are replaced by nitrogen atoms. The Fermi level shifts from valence band top to conduction band by doping nitrogen in pure β-SiC, and the doped β-SiC becomes metallic. The degree of Fermi levels entering into the conduction band increases with the increment of doping concentration; however, the band gap becomes narrower. This is attributed to defects with negative electricity occurring in surrounding silicon atoms. With the increase of doping concentration, more residual electrons, more easily captured by the 3p orbit in the silicon atom, will be provided by nitrogen atoms to form more defects with negative electricity.     

Dynamics of Forster Energy Transfer in Pyridium Salt-Doped Thin Films

Properties of photoluminescence and F6rster energy transfer dynamics based on an organic pyridium salt trans-4- [p-（N-Hydroxyethyl-N-methylamino）Styryl]-N-methylpyridinium iodide （ASPI） and organic small molecule Alq3 in PMMA polymeric thin films are investigated by steady-state and time-resolved fluorescent spectra as well as theoretical calculation. The observation of reduced emission intensity and the fluorescent lifetime of Alq3 is demonstrated, while the ASPI emission gradually increases and is finally dominant in the PL spectra with increasing ASPI doping concentration. Such results show that there exists an emcient F6rster energy transfer （FET） from Alq3 to ASPI due to the large spectral overlap between ASP（ absorption and Alq3 emission. The difference between the theoretical FET efficiency and the experimental data is caused by the lower mobility of the Alq3 exciton in the PMMA matrix.     

Analysis of Rheological Behavior of Some Aqueous PEO Gels under Thermal Treatment

Evolution of viscosity of some aqueous poly （ethylene oxide） gels is observed as functions of polymeric concentration and temperature for samples subjected to thermal shock. The experimental data are analyzed following an appropriate algorithm, and reveal the transient effect from Newtonian to non-Newtonian flow as a function of the polymeric concentration.     

NaCl对疏水缔合聚合物溶液性质的影响研究

研究了NaCl对疏水缔合聚合物溶液性质的影响。结果表明,所合成的疏水缔合聚合物的特性粘数随NaCl浓度的增加而降低,其表观粘度则先降低后增加,继续增加NaCl浓度,溶液粘度降低,但仍保持很高的粘度。环境扫描电镜(ESEM)研究表明,疏水缔合聚合物在去离子水体系中会形成网状结构,而在NaCl浓度为5g·L-1的溶液中,ESEM照片显示疏水缔合聚合物的结构为致密的树枝状结构,且存在一临界缔合浓度。     

支链烷基苯磺酸钠聚集性质的实验与理论研究

以芘为探针、二苯酮为猝灭剂,用稳态荧光法测定了合成的4种链长分别为10、12、14、16碳,苯环均在β位取代的对烷基苯磺酸钠的临界胶团浓度、胶团聚集数和微极性.研究了链长对支链烷基苯磺酸钠聚集性质的影响.分析了支链烷基苯磺酸钠疏水、亲水基团对聚集性质的影响.用量子化学从头算Hartree Fock方法取6 31G 基组计算了支链烷基苯磺酸根离子气相中的电荷分布.     

差分吸收光谱法测量空气中CS2研究

CS2是一种有毒气体,具有极难闻气味,对人体的伤害非常大。我国多个大城市要求对环境中的CS2进行准确、实时的监测,但传统的监测方法费用高,反应慢,很难达到实时要求。提出一种用差分吸收光谱法对CS2进行测量的方法,详细介绍了数据的处理方法,包括测量波段的选择,数据处理流程和谱线的非线性处理。通过对灯谱结构的分析,提出了利用灯谱在测量波段的固有结构,实现对标准吸收截面的非线性处理方法,有效克服灯谱固有结构影响的同时,提高了测量精度。利用该方法对三种不同浓度的样品池进行测量,获得了非常高的相关性。对南京市某区的CS2进行了实时、连续地监测,取得了良好的效果。     

溶剂效应对DCM发光特性的影响

有机发光二极管利用有机半导体光电功能材料的电致发光效应,具有许多优异性能,是新一代有发展前途的平板显示器件及光源。有机发光材料的光电特性、光物理、光化学过程直接决定了有机发光二极管的性能。利用荧光光谱方法观察典型高效有机小分子激光染料DCM在不同溶剂中的发光特性,研究其与溶剂分子的相互作用,即溶剂效应对其发光特性的影响。结果表明DCM溶液的荧光光谱中心波长随溶剂极性增大而红移,相对发光强度基本上随溶剂极性增大。同时,还观察了不同浓度DCM溶液的发光特性,研究DCM分子间相互作用导致的浓度猝灭效应,结果表明DCM溶液浓度为10^-6mol／L时,DCM溶液相对发光强度最大。     

光声光谱法测定枪药表面高分子钝感剂的浓度分布

采用步进扫描傅里叶变换红外光声光谱法测定小尺寸钝感枪药表面高分子钝感剂浓度分布趋势,证实了该技术在含能材料近表面分析和研究中的实用价值。     

氢离子浓度影响配位平衡的定量处理方法

以四氨合铜 (II)配离子为例 ,综合考虑氢离子与中心原子和配体的作用 ,将微分原理引入配位平衡 ,提出了一种定量处理氢离子浓度影响配位平衡的方法。结果表明 ,此类配合物的最大浓度是由相关平衡常数和配体总浓度决定的特征值。