中国科学院物理研究所 中科院清洁能源前沿研究重点实验室 北京市新能源材料与器件重点实验室

2009年5月,为适应研究所/北京凝聚态物理国家实验室（筹）发展的需要,促进基础性、战略性、前瞻性研究工作的发展,凝聚物理所清洁能源获取、储存和高效利用方面的研究力量,更好地服务于国民经济发展与国防建设,     

Earthquake forecast via neutrino tomography

We discuss the possibility of forecasting earthquakes by means of (anti)neutrino tomography. Antineutrinos emitted from reactors are used as a probe. As the antineutrinos traverse through a region prone to earthquakes, observable variations in the matter effect on the antineutrino oscillation would provide a tomography of the vicinity of the region. In this preliminary work, we adopt a simplified model for the geometrical profile and matter density in a fault zone. We calculate the survival probability of electron antineutrinos for cases without and with an anomalous accumulation of electrons which can be considered as a clear signal of the coming earthquake, at the geological region with a fault zone, and find that the variation may reach as much as 3% for ν_e emitted from a reactor. The case for a ν_e beam from a neutrino factory is also investigated, and it is noted that, because of the typically high energy associated with such neutrinos, the oscillation length is too large and the resultant variation is not practically observable. Our conclusion is that with the present reactor facilities and detection techniques, it is still a difficult task to make an earthquake forecast using such a scheme, though it seems to be possible from a theoretical point of view while ignoring some uncertainties. However, with the development of the geology, especially the knowledge about the fault zone, and with the improvement of the detection techniques, etc., there is hope that a medium-term earthquake forecast would be feasible.     

佯谬的功劳

 互相排斥的东西结合在一起,不同的音调造成最美的和谐。一切都是斗争所产生的。---赫拉克里特一块石头再硬也只能是一块石头,只有当两块石头彼此撞击的时候才会产生绚丽夺目的火花,物理学正是在一块块坚硬石头的相互撞击中走到了今天。是同时代的或不同时代的物理学家跨越时空的对话使物理学蜕变成了今天的模样。真正的物理学家就像孩童信任自己的母亲那般相信他所持的理论,所以当他的理论受到挑战的时候,他们也会像孩童一样彼此争执,物理学的理论正是在这样的一天天的论战中完善起来的。每一个新的理论问世的时候,总会有大批言论接踵而至,有疑问有赞同更多的是反对。     

损伤度函数模型用于三种钢层裂的二维数值模拟

中外学者（董玉斌和Raul Cortes等）曾用损伤的概念来解释材料的动态断裂，并取得了不错的效果，但受计算方法及计算机发展的限制，大都采用一维数值模拟，一维计算虽然具有运算快、精度高的优点，但应用范围有限，二维数值模拟更能反映实际问题，可以为分析实际问题提供更多信息，应用范围更广。     

现代超声振动切削技术的发展动向

本文对国内外超声振动切削技术的主要发展过程进行了回顾，提出了现代超声振动切削技术的发展动向。     

Effect of Reactor Pressure on Qualities of GaN Layers Grown by Hydride Vapour Phase Epitaxy

The influence of reactor pressure on GaN layers grown by hydride vapour phase epitaxy （HVPE） is investigated. By decreasing the reactor pressure from0. 7 to 0.5 mm, the GaN layer growth mode changes from the island-like one to the step flow. The improvements in structural and optical properties and surface morphology of GaN layers are observed in the step flow growth mode. The results clearly indicate that the reactor pressure, similarly to the growth temperature, is One of the important parameters to influence the qualities of GaN epilayers grown by HVPE, due to the change of growth mode.     

Density functional theory study on LaNi4.5Al0.5 hydride phase： electronic properties and sites occupation＊

In this paper the crystal structure, electronic structure and hydrogen site occupation of LaNi4.5Al0.5Hy hydride phase （y = 5.0, 6.0） have been investigated by using full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method. The hydrogen atoms were found to prefer the 6m, 12o and 12n sites, while no 4h sites were occupied. A narrowed Ni-d band is found due to the lattice expansion, the total density of states at EF increases with y, which indicates that the compounds become less stable. The interaction between Al and Ni, H plays a dominant role in the stability of LaNi4.5Al0.5 hydride phase. The smaller the shift of EF towards the higher energy region, the more stable the compounds will be. The obtained results are compared with experimental data and discussed in the light of previous works.     

流动注射原子吸收光谱法测定大白口蘑中的微量硒

探讨了流动注射氢化物发生-原子吸收光谱法测定微量硒时的最佳条件,建立了大白口蘑(Tricholoma giganteum Massee)中微量硒的流动注射氢化物发生-原子吸收光谱分析方法。本法操作简便、快速,灵敏度高,测定硒的线性范围为0～50μg·L-1,相对标准偏差小于3%,加标回收率为96%～105%。应用于大白口蘑样品中微量硒的测定,获得满意结果。     

"自主学习自主发展"教法初探

1构建民主、平等、对话、宽容的新型师生关系 长期以来,我们的师生关系一直是不平等的、僵化的二元对立关系,它严重制约着教育改革的深入和发展.而新型的师生关系应该是探究真理、解决难题的协作伙伴关系;是敞开心扉、真心倾听和接纳对方的朋友关系.教师要尊重学生的人格,既要善于发现学生的优点和长处,又要宽容学生的缺点和不足.循循善诱,耐心引导,允许他们逐步改正缺点,不能讽刺、挖苦,不能操之过急.正如人本主义心理学家罗杰斯所说:"心理安全和心理自由是创新的前提".为此,教师需破除"师道尊严",努力在班集体中营造一个师生之间相互尊重、相互信任、宽松的、和谐的学习氛围,在这样的氛围中,学生才会自由地、自动地、自愿地学习.     

消化-石油醚提取氢化物-原子荧光光谱法测定食用油中砷

采用消化 -石油醚提取方法处理食用调味油样品 ,以氢化物 -原子荧光光谱法测定砷 ,研究了样品的处理方法、线性关系及检出限 ,建立了快速测定食用调味油中砷含量的原子荧光光谱法。相对标准偏差小于1.79% ,加标回收率 96 .7%— 10 3.8%。