质子辐照不锈钢中氢气泡产生和演化研究

采用质子辐照模拟方法和正电子湮没寿命测量方法研究了质子辐照在国产改进型316L不锈钢中产生的氢气泡及其随辐照质子注量的演化过程。5×10^12,5×10^13,5×10^14／cm^2质子辐照的实验结果表明,辐照在不锈钢中产生氢气泡的尺度随辐照质子注量增加而增大,在质子注量为5×10^14／cm^2时氢气泡尺寸达到0．62nm,气泡的浓度随质子注量增加而减小。The bubble production and evolution in the home-made modified 316L stainless steel have been investigated by the proton irradiation simulation technique and the positron annihilation lifetime measurement. The experimental results of 5 × 10^12, 5 × 10^13 and 5 × 10^14/cm^2 proton irradiations show that the produced bubble size increases, while the bubble concentration decreases, with the increasing of the irradiation proton flueence. At the proton irradiation fluence of 5 × 10^14/cm^2 the bubble size reaches 0.62 nm.     

Propagation of acoustic wave in viscoelastic medium permeated with air bubbles

Based on the modification of the radial pulsation equation of an individual bubble, an effective medium method (EMM) is presented for studying propagation of linear and nonlinear longitudinal acoustic waves in viscoelastic medium permeated with air bubbles. A classical theory developed previously by Gaunaurd (Gaunaurd GC and \"{U}berall H, {\em J. Acoust. Soc. Am}., 1978; 63: 1699--1711) is employed to verify the EMM under linear approximation by comparing the dynamic (i.e. frequency-dependent) effective parameters, and an excellent agreement is obtained. The propagation of longitudinal waves is hereby studied in detail. The results illustrate that the nonlinear pulsation of bubbles serves as the source of second harmonic wave and the sound energy has the tendency to be transferred to second harmonic wave. Therefore the sound attenuation and acoustic nonlinearity of the viscoelastic matrix are remarkably enhanced due to the system's resonance induced by the existence of bubbles.     

瞬变流中气泡动力过程研究

微气泡的生成等基础问题制约着鼓泡脱气技术的发展.本文基于对文丘里鼓泡器内流场的研究,对不同雷诺数下的气泡动力特性进行研究,采用大涡模拟和流体体积法相结合的数值模拟方法,对气泡在不同瞬时动态变化流场下的动力特性进行研究,通过分析气泡在不同湍流下的表面积,气泡球度,以及气泡表面所处的湍流应力,计算气泡所受的破坏应力与聚合应...     

气泡在超声场中绕圈运动的高速摄影及其图像分析

借助高速摄影和图像分析技术对首次发现的附壁气泡的绕圈现象进行了实验研究,重点研究游移气泡的运动轨迹、附壁气泡的布阵过程、气泡的来源以及气泡的振动细节.研究发现游移绕圈气泡的运动轨迹呈现出不稳定、不规则、不光滑的特点.阵列气泡源于游移气泡,而游移气泡变成阵列气泡的方式主要是通过合并增大体积,从而减小所受的Bjerknes...     

组织内包膜微泡声空化动力学及其力学效应分析

声空化机械效应是聚焦超声治疗的重要物理机制. 以脂类包膜微泡/纳米相变液滴为空化核可显著地增强空化效应, 本文耦合空化动力学、组织和脂类包膜黏弹性模型, 构建了组织内脂类包膜微泡声空化动力学模型, 数值分析了微泡声空化动力学行为以及周围组织内机械应力的时空分布规律, 并探究了包膜材料、组织黏弹性和驱动声压等关键参数的影...     

基于振荡气泡法测定声悬浮液滴的表面张力

通过调节阵列式声悬浮装置的悬浮声压,使悬浮液滴转变为气泡.利用振荡气泡法的原理,结合声悬浮气泡在声场中处于缓慢变形的非平衡状态特点,对原始气泡表面膨胀系数的公式进行了修正.实验过程中采用高速摄像机记录气泡形成及振荡过程的图像,并对图像进行处理,测定悬浮气泡的表面膨胀模量,得到液体的动态表面张力.以锅炉用油为样品,利用声...     

新仪器,新设备

在化工和其它一些行业中,常对各种粘滞度不同的液体进行消除气泡工艺处理.在除气过程中,又要考虑除气手段是否会引起溶液的物理或化学性质的变化,因此,以往在许多场合只能采取静止或减压来消除气泡的方法. 近年来,在感光化工中利用超声消除气泡在国外已有报道.上海超声波仪器厂与上海感光材料厂合作,研制了一套超声波消泡装置. 感光材料的彩色乳剂及保护膜——明胶都是粘滞度很大而且极易产生气泡的溶液.溶液中如有气泡存在,对质量影响很大.带有气泡的乳剂涂在底片上,底     

Flow Structures Around Micro-bubbles During Subcooled Nucleate Boiling

The flow structures were investigated around micro bubbles on extremely thin wires during subcooled nucleate boiling.Jet flows emanating from the bubbles were observed visually with the fluid field measurement using high-speed photography and a PIV system.The jet flows induced a strong pumping effect around a bubble.The multi-jet structure was further observed experimentally, indicating the evolution of flow structure around micro bubbles.Numerical simulations explore that the jet flows were induced by a strong Marangoni effect due to high temperature gradients near the wire.The bubble interface with multi-jet structure has abnormal temperature distribution such that the coolest parts were observed at two sides of a bubble extending into the subcooled bulk liquid rather than at the top.Evaporation and condensation on the bubble interface play important roles not only in controlling the intensity of the jet flow,but also in bringing out the multi-jet structure.     

竖直微槽的倾角对相变换热影响的研究

本文对带有倾斜角的矩形毛细微槽竖直板的相变传热及两相流特性进行了实验研究.通过对比各种倾斜角度的微槽板的相变换热强度,得到了相变换热强度与微槽倾角有很大关联和最佳倾斜角度为 10°的实验结果,用薄膜理论和气泡对液体润湿特性的影响对实验结果进行了分析.     

超急速爆发沸腾的傅立叶与小波分析

采用快速瞬态微型压力测量系统对脉冲激光加热下无水乙醇超急速爆发沸腾过程中液池内压力变化进行了测量,利用傅立叶变换、小波分析等理论工具对该过程的能量与频率特性进行了分析,并对汽泡群行为进行了理论推测.结果发现,爆发沸腾过程中压力信号频率处于MHz量级;在不同阶段气泡群行为具有不同特点.