元素在石墨炉内石墨探针表面上的原子化机理研究 ⅩⅢ.钼的原子化机理

本文应用x-射线衍射(XRD)、X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)、俄歇电子能谱(AES)、扫描电子显微技术(SEM)研究了钼酸铵在石墨炉内石墨探针表面上的原子化机理。实验结果表明,在温度<1350K时,钼酸铵经历MoO_3和Mo_4O_(11)中间产物转变为MoO_2(s)。在更高温度下,MoO_2(s)首先还原为Mo_2C,而后进一步转变为MoC(s)。MoC再分解为Mo(s)。钼的原子化起源于Mo的升华。     

石墨探针GFAAS直接测定甲醛中痕量铅

铅是判断甲醛中重金属含量的重要指标,其含量高低影响到甲醛的纯度。准确测定铅的含量,对甲醛工业生产有重要的指导意义。目前测定有机物中微量金属的方法有溶出电位法、电位滴定法、电热AAS法、荧光光谱法等。由于甲醛中铅的含量很低,因而要求检测的方法灵敏度高,检出限低,重现性好,结果可靠。石墨探针原子化技术是一种实现等温原子化的新技术,它具有加热速率快,原子化效率高,基体干扰少,灵敏度高等特点,是一项良好的痕量金属分析技术。本文采用该技术对痕量铅进行一系列条件试验,并直接测定甲醛中铅的含量。     

荧光探针法确定胶束的宏观结构参数

胶束是表面活性剂分子在溶液(水溶液或非水溶液)中簇集而成的。在表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度(cmc)以上不太高的浓度范围内,胶束的结构被认为是球状的。水溶液中胶束的结构示于图1。近年来胶束在模拟酶、催化反     

稳态荧光探针法测定三聚季铵盐表面活性剂的胶束聚集数

以芘为荧光探针, 十六烷基氯化吡啶(CPC)为猝灭剂, 以芘的饱和水溶液为溶剂配制表面活性剂溶液, 根据芘的荧光强度之比I1/I3随表面活性剂水溶液浓度的变化, 测定了三聚季铵盐表面活性剂CTTTA的cmc值, 测定值与表面张力法测定的cmc值一致；当猝灭剂CPC的浓度取0.1~0.3 mmol·L-1范围时, 用稳态荧光探针法测定了CTTTA的胶束聚集数. 实验数据表明, 表面活性剂溶液浓度为6~10倍cmc时, 胶束聚集数N随表面活性剂浓度增大而线性增大, 并用外推法得到CTTTA的临界胶束聚集数.     

Influences of aerodynamic loads on hunting stability of high-speed railway vehicles and parameter studies

The influences of steady aerodynamic loads on hunting stability of high-speed railway vehicles were investigated in this study.A mechanism is suggested to explain the change of hunting behavior due to actions of aerodynamic loads：the aerodynamic loads can change the position of vehicle system（consequently the contact relations）,the wheel/rail normal contact forces,the gravitational restoring forces/moments and the creep forces/moments.A mathematical model for hunting stability incorporating such influences was developed.A computer program capable of incorporating the effects of aerodynamic loads based on the model was written,and the critical speeds were calculated using this program.The dependences of linear and nonlinear critical speeds on suspension parameters considering aerodynamic loads were analyzed by using the orthogonal test method,the results were also compared with the situations without aerodynamic loads.It is shown that the most dominant factors a ff ecting linear and nonlinear critical speeds are different whether the aerodynamic loads considered or not.The damping of yaw damper is the most dominant influencing factor for linear critical speeds,while the damping of lateral damper is most dominant for nonlinear ones.When the influences of aerodynamic loads are considered,the linear critical speeds decrease with the rise of cross wind velocity,whereas it is not the case for the nonlinear critical speeds.The variation trends of critical speeds with suspension parameters can be significantly changed by aerodynamic loads.Combined actions of aerodynamic loads and suspension parameters also a ff ect the critical speeds.The effects of such joint action are more obvious for nonlinear critical speeds.     

用于检测三苯基膦的一种新型“点亮”型荧光探针（英文）

三苯基膦(简称PPh3)是一种重要的有机物质并有独特的亲核性和还原性,广泛应用于有机及有机金属物质的合成。PPh3的广泛使用不可避免地导致对环境的污染,给人类的健康带来危害,因此,亟需一种简单高效的检测手段实现对三苯基膦的检测识别。在本工作中,我们效仿Staudinger连接反应设计合成了一个具有高选择性和高灵敏度的荧光增强型探针用以检测三苯基膦。探针的设计思想是使用荧光素的邻叠氮苯乙酯衍生物与PPh3反应,通过生成的氮杂叶立德,经由分子内酰基转移释放荧光团。该探针在含0.5%的DMSO水溶液中显示对PPh3的高选择性响应,可望在线性范围1×10-7 mol/L至8×10-7 mol/L之间实现对PPh3的定量检测,其检测极限达到10nmol/L。对PPh3的灵敏检测可达到在水溶液中肉眼可视。