超疏水聚合物表面的水滴蒸发模拟

基于质量守恒和Fick第一定律，模拟了水滴在超疏水聚合物表面的蒸发全过程．研究从以往的接触角<90±扩展到>150±，液滴形貌扩展为椭球球帽模型进行疏水表面蒸发模拟．水滴在超疏水PC和FPU/PMMA表面蒸发的实验结果显示，计算的椭球球帽模型可以更好的反映出液滴接触角和高度的变化情况，并且不同聚合物表面接触角的相同变化趋势也揭示出微-纳二级结构表面结构不仅影响液滴接触角，也影响液滴蒸发模式．     

氦同位素原子与钠分子碰撞转动激发积分散射截面的理论计算

多体刚性椭球模型是一种比较精确的描述氦原子与钠分子碰撞的理论模型.本文用多体刚性椭球模型计算了不同能量下He的同位素原子3He,4He,7He,10He与Na2分子碰撞的转动激发积分散射截面,表明增加椭球等势面个数可以得到更准确的转动激发积分散射截面;总结出3He,4He,7He,10He-Na2碰撞体系转动激发积分散射截面随相对入射能量和体系约化质量变化的规律;讨论了相对入射能量为100meV时,相互作用势的不同区域对4He-Na2碰撞体系转动激发积分散射截面的影响情况.     

极坐标系统下进行直角坐标扫描的离子束抛光

在离子束抛光设备研制过程中,离子源扫描运动方式的选择是很关键的,一般分为直角坐标方式扫描和极坐标方式扫描两种。根据两种扫描方式的特点,在极坐标系统下进行直角坐标扫描方式加工。该种方法采用直角坐标扫描方式下的驻留时间计算,算法相对简单。该种方法在极坐标系统下进行加工,同等情况下可加工圆形镜面的口径比直角坐标系统下更大些;而且离子源的可移动区域是一条直线,其余地方可以摆放其他设备,空间利用率较高。对这种新思路进行仿真分析,证实了其具有可行性。     

质子数Z 分别位于Ru 之上和之下的A~(100~126) 丰中子原子核三轴形变在原子核形状变迁和共存中的重要作用(英文)

基于Ru (Z = 44) 丰中子同位素中存在最大三轴形变的理论预言和实验证据,综述了近年来Rh (Z = 45),Pd (Z =46), Ag (Z =47), Cd (Z =48)(质子数Z 位于Ru,Z =44 之上)及Zr (Z =40), Nb (Z =41), Mo (Z =42),Tc (Z =43)(质子数Z 位于Ru,Z =44 之下) 的A~ (100~126) 丰中子同位素中关于三轴形变的形状变迁和形状共存系统性研究的重要进展。252Cf 自发裂变瞬发 射线-- 三重符合、特别是新建立的--- 四重符合数据的系统观测和研究,在Ru, Pd, Cd 和Nb 丰中子同位素中显著扩展或首次观测到了一系列能带,为这个核区原子核形状的研究提供了新的、重要的实验数据。联系此前报道的有关进展,使用PES, TRS, PSM, CCCSM 和SCTAC 理论模型计算拟合新的实验数据,在该核区沿同中素和同位素链,并随自旋和激发能变化各自由度,跟踪原子核形状渐进变化,获得了新的系统性研究成果,显著扩展和深化了人们对原子核形状变迁和形状共存的认知。对于Ru 及其上的Rh (Z = 45), Pd (Z = 46), Ag (Z = 47) 和Cd (Z = 48) 丰中子同位素的研究表明:Rh 丰中子核具有比最大值稍小的三轴形变,γ = 28°,并在103{106Rh 同位素链上鉴别出了手征对称破缺;在三轴形变核112Ru和114Pd(N = 68)中发现了三轴原子核的摆动运动,该摆动运动也可能在114Ru (N = 70)中存在;观察到了从具有最大三轴形变的110,112Ru 中手征破缺到稍小三轴形变的112,114,116Pd 中扰动的手征破缺的过渡;在较软的Ag 核中观察到了丰富的谱学结构,在104,105Ag 中鉴别出了可能的手征对称破缺,在较重的115,117Ag 中提出了趋于三轴形变的软度;具有小形变的Cd核的能级结构被解释为准粒子耦合、准转动和软三轴形变;最近的库伦激发的研究提供了Z = 50, N = 82满壳附近122,124,126Cd 核中出现核集体性的实验和理论证据;上述研究成果展现出从Ru中的最大三轴形变(γ=30°,三轴形变极小增益为0.67 MeV), 经具有大三轴形变的Rh核γ=28°),到Pd核中的稍小、但稳定于中等自旋到高自旋区的三轴形变(γ~41°,三轴形变极小增益为0.32 MeV),再经Ag核中的软度,最后到具有很小形变、但仍出现集体性质、包括软三轴形变的Cd核的过渡。对于Pd核转动带交叉系统性的研究揭示了其第一带交叉(νh_11/2)2 中子转动顺排的上行驱动,和第二带交叉(πg_9/2)2质子转动顺排的下行驱动效应,成功地解释了114Pd 中的三轴摆动运动,并给出了110-118Pd同位素链中理论早已预言、而比早期理论预言更为完整准确的形状渐进变迁和形状共存的图像。根据该核区的系统研究,发现最大三轴形变出现在112Ru,而在相邻的偶Z(Pd)同位素链,三轴形变极小的中心在114Pd, 两者均为N = 68。上述系统性研究沿相邻的Ru和Pd偶Z同位素链,在N =68同中素中鉴别出最大三轴形变,均比理论预言的108Ru 和110Pd 多4个中子。在Z值位于Ru (Z = 44) 之下的Zr (Z = 40), Nb (Z = 41), Mo (Z = 42) and Tc (Z = 43) 丰中子同位素中,Y和Zr核具有很强的轴对称四极形变,而在较重的Zr同位素中出现了自由度;较重的Nb核(A = 104~106) 基态具有中等程度的软三轴形变和强四极形变,随着自旋和激发能的增加,过渡到接近于轴对称的强四极形变;而较轻的Nb核(A≤103) 基态均接近轴对称形状;在Nb同位素链上基态由球形到强四极形变的形状突变发生在100Nb(N = 59),在100-106Nb同位素链中基态的软三轴形变随中子数增加而增加;在Nb核中还观察到关于软三轴形变的形状共存;Mo核具有大的三轴形变,观察到了振动和手征对称破缺;Tc核具有比最大值稍小的三轴形变,γ=26°,并观察到了手征对称破缺。质子数Z从41到48的A~(100~126)丰中子同位素,特别是Pd和Nb 同位素,呈现出关于三轴形变的过渡特征。This paper reviews the systematic investigations and understanding for the shape transitions and coexistence with regard to triaxial deformations in A s 100 to 126 neutron-rich Rh (Z = 45), Pd (Z = 46), Ag (Z = 47), Cd (Z = 48) and Zr (Z = 40), Nb (Z = 41), Mo (Z = 42), Tc (Z = 43) isotopes with Z beyond and below Ru (Z = 44), respectively, in Ru the maximal triaxial deformation having been predicted and deduced. The recent measurements and studies of prompt triple- and four-fold, γ-γ-γ and γ-γ-γ-γ, coincidence data from the spontaneous fission of 252Cf using Gammasphere have yielded considerable expansion and extension or first observation of the bands in Ru, Pd, Cd, and Nb isotopes,which provided important data for the studies of nuclear shapes in this region. Combined with previous investigations, recent systematic studies of the new data well reproduced by PES, TRS, PSM, CCCSM and SCTAC model calculations have traced shape changes along the isotonic and isotopic chains, respectively,and with changing excitations/spins as well, significantly expanding our knowledge of shape transitions/coexistence in nuclei.For the neutron-rich Ru and beyond, Rh, Pd, Ag and Cd isotopes, triaxial deformations γ= 28°,slightly smaller than the maximal value, were deduced in Rh (Z = 45) isotopes, with chiral symmetry breaking proposed in 103-106Rh; onset of wobbling motions were identified in 112Ru and 114Pd (N =68),and probably also in 114Ru (N =70); evolution from chiral symmetry breaking in 110,112Ru with maximal triaxial deformations to disturbed chirality in 112,114,116Pd with less pronounced triaxial deformations was proposed; rich nuclear structure was proposed in soft Ag isotopes with possible chiral doubling structure suggested in 104,105Ag, and softness towards triaxial deformation proposed in heavier 115,117Ag;quasi-particle couplings, quasi-rotations and soft triaxiality were suggested in Cd (Z =48) isotopes with small deformations; onset of collectivity was recently suggested in 122,124,126Cd in the vicinity of Z =50 and N = 82 closed shells by studies of Coulomb excitations; shape evolutions from maximal triaxial deformations in Ru (γ=30°, with triaxial minimum energy gain of 0.67 MeV), through Rh with large triaxial deformations ( γ=28°), to less pronounced triaxiality in Pd (with triaxial minimum energy gain of 0.32 MeV), then soft triaxiality in Ag, and finally to slightly deformed Cd isotopes but with emergence of collectivity and soft triaxiality were proposed. The systematic studies of the band crossings in Pd revealed up-rising drivings of the first band crossings caused by (νh_11/2)2 and down-sloping drivings of the second band crossings by (πg_9/2)2, explained the onset of wobbling motions in 114Pd,and showed a long-sought picture of shape evolution and coexistence in the Pd isotopic chain which is more complete but complex than earlier predictions. Based on the systematic studies in the mass region,maximal triaxial deformation is found to be reached in 112Ru and less-pronounced triaxiality centered at 114Pd, both for N =68, four neutrons more than predicted in earlier theoretical calculations.In the neutron-rich Zr (Z =40), Nb (Z =41), Mo (Z =42) and Tc (Z =43) isotopes with Z just below Ru, large quadrupole deformations of axially symmetric shapes were deduced in Y and Zr isotopes, with emergence of the degree of freedom having been suggested for heavier Zr isotopes; medium triaxial deformations were deduced for the ground states of heavier (A > 104) Nb isotopes, and, with increasing excitations and spins, evolution from medium triaxial deformations with strong quadrupole deformations at ground states to nearly axially-symmetric shapes were deduced; light Nb isotopes (A6103) have near axially-symmetric shapes with strong quadrupole deformations; combining with the identification of onset of strong quadrupole deformation at 100Nb in the Nb isotopic chain, an increase of soft triaxiality with increasing neutron number was proposed in 100-106Nb. Shape coexistence with regard to soft triaxiality is also proposed in Nb isotopes; large triaxial deformations, vibrations and chiral doublets were proposed in Mo isotopes; chiral doubling and large triaxial deformations (γ ~26°) slightly smaller than the maximal triaxiality were suggested in Tc isotopes.The neutron-rich nuclei with Z ranging from 41 through 48 and A ~100 to 126, especially the Pd and Nb isotopes are thus found to be transitional nuclei with regard to triaxiality.     

二维柱坐标系辐射输运方程保球对称的离散纵标格式

 离散纵标格式是计算辐射输运方程的常用格式之一. 但是, 传统的离散纵标格式求解二维柱坐标系辐射输运方程模拟一维球对称问题时, 会出现明显的非对称现象, 球对称性被破坏. 针对该问题, 本文分析了传统离散纵标格式不能够保持球对称性的原因, 提出了空间基于柱坐标系、方向基于球坐标系的辐射输运方程, 并对该方程设计了新的离散纵标格式, 从理论上证明了当空间网格取球对称剖分时该离散格式能够保持一维球对称性的充分必要条件. 通过对真空球区域辐射输运、与物质耦合辐射输运等球对称算例的数值模拟, 验证了该格式的保球对称性, 球对称误差能够达到机器精度. 非对称辐射驱动模型以及非对称网格剖分条件下的数值模拟等算例也取得了较好的结果.     

船用螺旋桨敞水性能与桨叶应力的数值分析

采用FLUENT软件中的多参考坐标系模型(MRF)对螺旋桨的敞水性能进行模拟,并将模拟结果与试验值进行比较,然后通过ANSYS Workbench中的流固耦合技术将FLUENT计算所得的桨叶表面压力加载到ANSYS中桨叶的有限元模型中进行静力分析计算,得到的桨叶应力结果与理论分析相吻合.     

地球同步轨道二维扫描像移补偿技术建模与分析

在建立二维扫描观测模型的基础上,提出了基于椭球体地球模型的二维扫描像移补偿方案,给出了任意空间观测到的目标位置的快速迭代算法,并以真实轨道和仿真姿态数据验证了像移补偿模型的实际性能。仿真结果表明,对于长周期(大于一个东西方向扫描行周期)轨道和姿态偏差,可以通过调整仪器坐标系内的扫描轨迹来实现像移补偿;同时,在现有轨道测量和控制条件下,轨道因素引起的瞬时方位角和俯仰角补偿量在0.01°~0.1°量级,且随轨道位置不同而变化。FY-2C卫星在轨偏航轴姿态失配修正实例证实了上述模型的有效性。     

随机取向双层椭球粒子偏振散射特性研究

基于T矩阵方法,给出了随机取向、轴对称、含核椭球粒子的散射计算方法.散射体的核和外壳均可为非球形粒子,整个粒子具有轴对称性.以含核椭球粒子为模型,计算了含有吸收性内核(黑炭,black carbon)的水凝物气溶胶的散射特性,分析了核的大小、形状对消光系数、散射系数、吸收系数、不对称因子、单次散射反照率以及Muller矩阵等的影响. 关键词： 光散射 T矩阵 Muller矩阵 椭球粒子     

类椭球氧化锌纳米结构的制备与表征

"用普通氧化锌晶须作为原材料, 采用高压釜腐蚀法和高温(600 ℃)裂解结合的方法合成纳米棒构成的氧化锌类椭球结构．XRD、SEM和TEM结果表明这种类椭球结构是单晶的,纳米棒取向一致,自组装生长而成．"     

具有椭球误差的线性一致相关模型的相关性检验

本文讨论具有椭球误差的线性一致相关模型的相关性检验问题.基于Fisher-score方法给出模型参数估计的迭代公式,然后分别对一致相关系数进行了存在性和齐性检验,得到了相应检验的score统计量,同时给出了功效模拟.最后利用实际数据说明了模型以及检验统计量的价值.