UPLC-QTOF-MS法研究甘油三酯作为水生环境中农药污染的潜在生物标志物

以鲫鱼为代表性研究对象, 采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱(UPLC-QTOF-MS)技术, 分别研究了3种农药(敌百虫、 高效氯氰菊酯和吡虫啉)对其体内代谢的影响. 通过Masslynx软件在MS ^E模式下采集数据, 使用UNIFI软件进行自动检测和数据过滤, 并将差异性物质与在线代谢组数据库进行比较, 鉴定出甘油三酯类(TGs)物质具有明显差异. 其中, 吡虫啉对TGs代谢的影响最大, 且肝脏的代谢差异比大脑更显著, 低浓度的急性暴露诱导肝脏中的TGs积累, 其含量与暴露浓度之间的关系符合Michaelis-Menten方程的增长趋势. 结果表明, TGs可在短时间内(≤2 h)灵敏地反映农药吡虫啉的低浓度(≤20 ng/mL)暴露, 可作为考察吡虫啉对水生生物毒性的潜在生物标记物, 有助于建立一种快速、 灵敏的预警方法.     

面向脑机接口的犹他神经电极技术

A human brain is composed of a large number of interconnected neurons forming a neural network. To study the functional mechanism of the neural network, it is necessary to record the activity of individual neurons over a large area simultaneously. Brain-computer interface (BCI) refers to the connection established between the human/animal brain and computers/other electronic devices, which enables direct interaction between the brain and external devices. It plays an important role in understanding, protecting, and simulating the brain, especially in helping patients with neurological disorders to restore their impaired motor and sensory functions. Neural electrodes are electrophysiological devices that form the core of BCI, which convert neuronal electrical signals (carried by ions) into general electrical signals (carried by electrons). They can record or interfere with the state of neural activity. The Utah Electrode Array (UEA) designed by the University of Utah is a mainstream neural electrode fabricated by bulk micromachining. Its unique three-dimensional needle-like structure enables each electrode to obtain high spatiotemporal resolution and good insulation between each other. After implantation, the tip of each electrode affects only a small group of neurons around it even allowing to record the action potential of a single neuron. The availability of a large number of electrodes, high quality of signals, and long service life has made UEA the first choice for collecting neuronal signals. Moreover, UEA is the only implantable neural electrode that can record signals in the human cerebral cortex. This article mainly serves as an introduction to the construction, manufacturing process, and functioning of UEA, with a focus on the research progress in fabricating high-density electrode arrays, wireless neural interfaces, and optrode arrays using silicon, glass, and metal as that material of construction. We also discuss the surface modification techniques that can be used to reduce the electrode impedance, minimize the rejection by brain tissue, and improve the corrosion resistance of the electrode. In addition, we summarize the clinical applications where patients can control external devices and get sensory feedback by implanting UEA. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges faced by existing electrodes such as the difficulty in increasing electrode density, poor response of integrated wireless neural interface, and the problems of biocompatibility. To achieve stability and durability of the electrode, advancements in both material science and manufacturing technology are required. We hope that this review can broaden the scope of ideas for the development of UEA. The realization of a fully implantable neural microsystem can contribute to an improved understanding of the functional mechanisms of the neural network and treatment of neurological diseases.     

基于极课大数据的初中化学组卷及试卷评价

为了提高组卷质量,基于极课大数据建立初中化学校本题库,根据双向细目表,利用该系统的出卷功能进行组卷。采用SPSS软件对试卷难度、区分度、信度和效度进行综合分析和评价,可知基于极课所出试卷各项评价指标较优秀,符合考试要求,试卷质量高。     

高效液相色谱-四极杆/飞行时间高分辨质谱测定化妆品中的西咪替丁及雷尼替丁

建立了化妆品中西咪替丁及雷尼替丁的高效液相色谱-四极杆/飞行时间高分辨质谱检测方法,并对其质谱裂解规律进行研究。待测样品经甲醇超声提取,过滤膜后经Zorbax SB-Aq色谱柱(3.0 mm×100 mm,1.8μm)分离,用乙腈-含0.1%甲酸的水溶液梯度洗脱后,在双喷雾电喷雾离子源正离子模式下检测,数据采集使用一级母离子全扫描和目标二级离子扫描。在不同的化妆品基质中,西咪替丁和雷尼替丁分别在5.65～113 ng/mL和4.95～99.0 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好(r0.999),检出限分别为1.1、0.99 ng/mL,定量下限分别为5.6、5.0 ng/mL;2种待测物在低、中、高3个加标水平下的回收率为86.7%～110%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.90%～6.0%,方法重复性良好(RSD10%)。该方法前处理简单,灵敏度较好,线性、回收率及重复性均满足方法学要求,可用于化妆品中西咪替丁和雷尼替丁的筛查测定。     

第8届欧洲光极会议(Ⅰ)

本届会议于2006年4月2日至5日在德国Tübingen市召开, 由Tübingen大学主办.     

第8届欧洲光极会议(Ⅱ)

会议论文续报如下:(18)K Ertekin,在pH 7.5～11.5区间应用长波长可激发的席夫碱作光导纤维pH传感;(19)K Ertekin,应用绿色化学试剂中的3,4-(二甲氧基)苯基乙腈进行基于光发射的二氧化碳传感--室温离子液体;     

蒙药心舒安中锗的差分脉冲极谱研究

在pH=1.30的H2SO4和3,4-二羟基苯甲醛(DHB)底液中,采用差分脉冲极谱法,测得无机锗的脉冲极谱波.其峰电位为Ep=-0.53V.Ge(Ⅳ)浓度在1.03×10-3-1.04×10-4mol·L-1范围内与峰电流呈线性关系,样品中总锗和无机锗的回收率分别是95.72%和96.43%.     

纸吸管中非挥发性迁移物的非靶向筛查及风险评估

根据欧盟法规推荐的两种食物模拟物对纸吸管样品进行模拟迁移试验,并基于超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF MS)对样品中的迁移物进行非靶向筛查,得到包括润滑剂、施胶剂、抗氧剂降解产物、消泡剂在内的31种有意添加物和非有意添加物。利用该课题组前期建立的风险矩阵,即风险=危害(毒性水平+Cramer分级+4×致突变性)×暴露(4×水溶性+4×渗透性),对纸吸管中31种迁移物进行风险分级。结果表明,未发现Ⅰ级高风险物质,Ⅱ级风险物质中得分较高的来自润滑剂(十六酸酰胺等)、施胶剂(海松酸等)和消泡剂(聚乙二醇等)中的成分,对Ⅱ级风险物质进行半定量分析,通过对比暴露量和TTC阈值,发现酰胺类润滑剂(尤其是芥酸酰胺)存在健康风险,应在纸吸管生产加工过程中引起关注。     

QuEChERS结合超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法同时测定全血中10种新型合成大麻素

建立了QuEChERS结合超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(UPLC-QE-Orbitrap MS)同时测定全血中10种新型合成大麻素的分析方法。全血样本经优化的QuEChERS法提取后,采用Hypersil GOLDTMVanquish色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.9μm),以0.1%甲酸水和0.1%甲酸乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱分离,在加热电喷雾离子源正离子/平行反应监测(HESI+/PRM)模式下同时进行检测。结果表明,10种目标物质在对应质量浓度范围内呈良好线性,相关系数(r²)均不小于0.999 0,检出限(LOD)为0.01～0.05 ng/mL,定量下限(LOQ)为0.05～0.20 ng/mL,回收率为92.1%～115%,基质效应为86.6%～115%,日内相对标准偏差(RSD)均不大于8.5%,日间RSD均不大于10%。该方法具有操作简便、选择性好,检测灵敏度及回收率高的特点,适用于法庭科学全血样本中合成大麻素的检验鉴定。     

苯炔与硝酮[3+2]环加成制备二取代苯并异噁唑烷

采用[3 2]1,3-偶极环加成反应,苯炔前体邻-三甲硅基苯酚三氟甲磺酸酯在氟化铯的作用下与硝酮反应合成了9个2,3-二取代苯并[d]异噁唑烷,收率87%～97%。其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR和高分辨率MS确证。