Two sample applications of a classical isoperimetric problem of the calculus of variations to fluid mechanical problems in fluidization and spouting

This paper is devoted to outlining precisely the basic mathematics of a classical isoperimetric problem of the calculus of variations and showing how significant fluid mechanical problems in fluidization and spouting can be addressed using this approach.     

Multi-Phase Flow and Heat Transfer of a Micro-Pump Thermally Driven by a Multi-Output Pulse Laser

We present an experimental study of multi-phase flow and heat transfer in a micro-tube induced by a multi-output pulse laser. Extensive flow and heat transfer measurements and visualization experiments have been carried out to characterize the micro-pump behaviour under various conditions. The experiments reveal extremely unsteady and complex flow patterns in the micro tube with the flow closely related with generation and collapse of bubbles.It is found that the flow rates are controlled by the heating and condensation conditions within the tube. The laser pulse duration, pulse interval and output-power as well as the tube diameter all show a strong influence on the flow rate of the micro-pump. This study provides a basis for the design of thermally-driven micro-pump induced by a pulsed laser beam.     

机械力化学改性硅酸盐矿物的FTIR研究

利用气流磨所产生的超音速气流作为机械力，分别对层状硅酸盐矿物滑石、绢云母、高岭土和链状硅酸盐矿折硅灰石与硬脂酸进行超细粉碎－表面改性，应用FTIR法进行研究。     

Mechanical Properties of Breast Cancer Cell Membrane Studied with Optical Tweezers

Membrane tethers are extracted from breast cancer cells using a force generated by an optical trap. It is experimentally obtained that the radius of tether is about 0.1μm and the static tether force is about 8.5 pN. Calculations based on the experimental measurements give a bending modulus for the tether of 1.35 x 10^-19 N.m and a surface membrane tension of 6.76 x 10^-6 N/m in the breast cancer cell. The treatment with cytochalasin D results in the decreasing bending modulus and decreasing apparent surface tension. When the membrane protein caveolin is over-expressed, similar cases occur in bending modulus and apparent surface tension. In addition, the viscous resistance coefficient of the membrane is calculated to be 1.15pN.s/μm according to the dynamic tether forces obtained under different pulling velocities.     

机械动态系统混沌状态特征与判据应用研究

本基于混沌动力学与分行几何学理论分析，通过研究机械动态系统的Lypunov指数、关联维数、Kolmogorov熵以及它们对系统吸引子特征的描述，结合递次振幅图方法，提供了一种证明系统状态混沌性的方法。并以变速箱中齿轮运行状态为例，通过对其动态信号混沌特征量的研究，证实了该系统混沌性，进而得出对系统故障进行进一步混沌预测的可行性。     

王徵(1571～1644)——机械发明家,中西科技文化交流的先驱,中国历史上著书介绍西方力学的第一人

1 王 徵生平 王徵字良甫,又字葵心,自号了一道人或了一子,支离叟.陕西省泾阳县龙泉乡王家堡人.生于1571年(明穆宗隆庆五年).幼随舅父张鉴(奉议大夫)游学,万历廿二年(1594年)举人,时年廿四岁.     

用现代方法制造光学元件

次波长光学元件 ( SOEs)通常是用某种平版印刷术制造的 (虽然有时采用光刻法 ) ,这类光学元件含有一维或二维形式的阵列结构 ,这些阵列改变折射或反射光而不产生零以外的衍射级。这种次波长的光学元件具有 2 0 0 nm级的周期率 ,偏振能达到 97%的透射率或反射率 ,并具有大于40 d B的透射衰减和大于 2 0 d B反射衰减。这种元件的标准尺寸虽然只有 1 .4× 1 .4mm,但还能制成约 1 0mm大小尺寸。目前它主要用在光纤通信领域。这种次波长光学元件是将一种模型压入衬底上的一层光致抗蚀剂中而制成的。采用反应离子蚀刻工艺在衬底上或淀积在衬底上…     

Model for processive movement of myosin V and myosin VI

Myosin V and myosin VI are two classes of two-headed molecular motors of the myosin superfamily that move processively along helical actin filaments in opposite directions. Here we present a hand-over-hand model for their processive movements. In the model, the moving direction of a dimeric molecular motor is automatically determined by the relative orientation between its two heads at free state and its head‘s binding orientation on track filament.This determines that myosin V moves toward the barbed end and myosin VI moves toward the pointed end of actin.During the moving period in one step, one head remains bound to actin for myosin V whereas two heads are detached for myosin VI: the moving manner is determined by the length of neck domain. This naturally explains the similar dynamic behaviours but opposite moving directions of myosin VI and mutant myosin V (the neck of which is truncated to only one-sixth of the native length). Because of different moving manners, myosin VI and mutant myosin V exhibit significantly broader step-size distribution than native myosin V. However, all the three motors give the same mean step size of -36nm (the pseudo-repeat of actin helix). All these theoretical results are in agreement with previous experimental ones.     

关于多项式的因子分解的机械方法的注记

在Van der Waerden [1]的§37中有一个定理说:如果域△上的单变量的多项式能在有限步内分解,则多变量的多项式亦可。由于这一定理对几何证明的机械化方法颇为重要,吴文俊在总结他自己所开创的几何定理机器证明的重要著作[2]的4.2中以如下形式重新叙述并证明了上述的定理: 设A是一个有么元素的整环,且已知有一机械方法可在有限步内将A中任意一数唯一分解成不可约因子(确定至A中可逆因子),则有一机械方法可在有限步内将A[x_1,     

考虑热应变的柔性并联空间机械臂动力学

研究考虑热应变的柔性并联空间机械臂动力学性态。用Jourdain速度变分原理建立各机械臂的动力学变分方程,在此基础上根据各物体之间的运动学约束关系,建立柔性多体系统的微分代数混合动力学方程。数值仿真结果表明,当温度升高时,机械臂的轴向约束力和中心刚体的质心运动速度均出现显著振荡,而适当减小温度变化率,可以有效地控制振幅。