基于分子识别的农药残留快速检测研究进展

为了提高农作物的产量和质量,农药的使用量逐年增加,导致土壤、水和农作物等的污染加剧,对环境和人类健康造成了严重的威胁。因此,对于农药残留进行快速、灵敏的检测至关重要。近年来,多种用于农药残留快速检测的技术和产品被开发。该综述对多种识别方式在农药检测中的进展进行了介绍,包括以蛋白质和适配体为代表的生物识别、以纳米材料和大环化合物为代表的非生物识别以及基于农药独特的光学性质和化学性质实现的直接识别。最后对农药残留的快速检测进行了展望,以期为农药的即时监测（POCT）提供研究思路和方向。     

丝网印刷电极及其在重金属快速检测中的应用

利用简单、快速、高灵敏的方法对食品中的重金属进行检测具有重要意义。丝网印刷电极（SPE）因具有小巧便携、样品用量少、成本低等优点,在电化学快速分析领域具有明显优势,可实现食品中重金属等污染物质的快速现场分析。该文主要介绍了丝网印刷电极的概念、制作工艺、制备材料和修饰材料,综述了丝网印刷电极在重金属快速检测方面的应用进展,并讨论了其目前形势及未来发展趋势。     

固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定儿童化妆品中新康唑等4种抗生素

建立了测定儿童化妆品中新康唑等4种抗生素的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)。样品经70%乙腈水溶液超声提取后,使用SCX固相萃取小柱净化,以0.1%甲酸水和乙腈作为流动相,经Waters ACQUITY BEH C₁₈(2.1 mm×100 mm,2.5μm)色谱柱分离,使用多反应监测模式(MRM)进行测定。结果表明,4种抗生素线性关系良好,相关系数(r)均为0.999,方法检出限(LOD)和定量下限(LOQ)分别为0.005～0.250μg/g和0.010～0.500μg/g。4种抗生素在3种基质和3个加标水平的平均回收率为89.3%～113%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.90%～7.2%。该方法高效、准确、特异性好,满足新康唑等4种抗生素在儿童化妆品中的测定需求。     

水相中无催化剂合成四氢苯并吡喃衍生物

水相中无催化剂合成了2-氨基-7,7-二甲基-5-氧代-4-芳基-4H-苯并吡喃-3-氰基-5,6,7,8-四氢苯并[b]吡喃,其结构经1H NMR,IR和元素分析表征。     

Donor-Acceptor Typed AIE Luminogens with Near-infrared Emission for Super-resolution Imaging

Aggregation-induced emission(AIE)luminogens(AIEgens)with high brightness in aggregates exhibit great potentials in biological imaging,but these AIEgens are seldom applied in super-resolution biological imaging,especially in the imaging by using the structural illumination microscope(SIM).Based on this consideration,we synthesized the donor-acceptor typed AIEgen of DTPA-BTN,which not only owns high brightness in the near-infrared(NIR)emission region from 600 nm to 1000 nm(photoluminescence quantum yield,PLQYs=11.35%),but also displays excellent photo-stability.In addition,AIE nanoparticles based on 4,7-ditriphenylamine-[1,2,5]-thiadiazolo[3,4-c]pyridine(DTPA-BTN)were also prepared with highly emissive features and excellent biocompatibility.Finally,the developed DTPA-BTN-based AIE nanoparticles were applied in the super-resolution cellular imaging via SIM,where much smaller full width at half-maximum values and high signal to noise ratios were obtained,indicating the superior imaging resolution.The results here imply that highly emissive AIEgens or AIE nanoparticles can be promising imaging agents for super-resolution imaging via SIM.     

g-C3N4/Bi8(CrO4)O11S型异质结的自组装制备及其光催化降解诺氟沙星和双酚A(英文)

近年来,抗生素的过度使用导致水体严重污染,威胁着生态环境安全和人体健康.太阳光驱动的半导体光催化技术被认为是一种有效去除污染物的手段.由于单一半导体光催化剂的多种缺陷,构建具有可见光响应和强氧化/还原能力的异质结光催化剂是去除有机污染物的有效途径.Bi₈(CrO₄)O₁₁(BCO)作为一种新发现的可见光响应半导体,由于较正的价带位,使得其在光催化污染物降解和水氧化方面显示了潜在的应用价值.然而,快速的载流子复合抑制了其活性.石墨相氮化碳(g-C₃N₄,CN)作为不含金属的半导体备受关注,其不仅具有可见光响应、环境友好和电子结构可调等优点,而且二维结构和较负的导带位使得CN更容易与其它半导体形成异质结光催化剂.因此,氧化型的BCO和还原型的CN结合构成异质结,有望形成S型载流子转移,从而提高光生电子-空穴对的分离效率,进而提高光催化降解污染物的活性.本文通过自组装方法制备了一系列新型CN基异质结CN/BCO.CN/BCO异质结光催化降解诺氟沙星(NOR)和双酚A(BPA)的最优比...     

无细胞多酶系统的模块化构建（英文）

无细胞多酶催化是绿色生物制造领域的新兴技术之一.该技术通过设计和构建新的多酶合成路线,使得一些从天然途径难以获得的化学品的生产成为可能,具有广阔的应用前景.尽管无细胞多酶系统的构建具有高度的灵活性和可调性,但如何实现人工系统中多酶反应的兼容性和协同性仍是目前多酶体系构建的难点.针对这一难题,模块化构建和优化无细胞多酶体系的策略近年来受到广泛关注.尽管该策略已被应用于实践,但人们对于模块化的概念仍存在不同的理解.本文通过功能性来定义多酶模块,一个模块通常指共同作用并执行特定功能的一组酶,且同一模块内部的酶与酶之间应具有紧密的互作关系.另外,多酶体系的模块化还发生在从分子到反应器等多个不同的水平.介绍了自然界中的多酶模块,包括途径水平和分子水平的多酶模块,并简要介绍了这些天然模块的特点和功能.途径水平的多酶模块主要指生物体中一些承担特定生理生化功能的多酶反应(如糖酵解、糖异生、柠檬酸循环等).分子水平的多酶模块则主要包括多酶复合物和模块化酶,重点介绍了丙酮酸脱氢酶复合体、纤维小体、嘌呤体和非核糖体多肽合成酶等典型的例子.本文还梳理了近年来模块化构建人工无细胞多酶体系的重要进展,并根据模块在...     

Recent Development of DNA-modified AIEgen Probes for Biomedical Application

A variety of DNA-based probes are utilized for the detections of multiple analytes and DNA nanotechnology has been thriving for recent decades and achieving numerous nanostructures,mainly focusing on DNA morphology modulation and multifunctional systems engineered into to the complicated works.Among the numerous detections,fluorescence method is a non-invasive,highly selective and sensitive means for varieties of applications,but their emissions are often compromised by the aggregation-caused quenching(ACQ)effect,which weakens their applications.The aggregation induced emission luminogens(AIEgens)are created with non emissive or weakly emissive in a low concentration but emit strong fluorescence in a high concentration with aggregated states.Herein,numerous functionalized AIEgens have been emerged and used for detection and imaging and DNA-modified AIEgen probes are introduced.In this vein,here we report the progress on DNA-modified AIEgen probes in recent years and highlight their conjugation strategies including covalent bonding,electrostatic interaction and their applications of biosensing.Moreover,multiple DNA strands are needed to introduce into the DNA-modified AIEgen probes for more purposes.At the end,some challenges are mentioned to discuss the new trend of DNA-modified AIEgen probes.     

State-crossing from a Locally Excited to an Electron Transfer State(SLEET) Model Rationalizing the Aggregation-induced Emission Mechanism of (Bi)piperidylanthracenes

Luminogens with aggregation-induced emission(AIE)characteristics(or AIEgens)have been widely used in various applications due to their excellent luminescent properties in molecular aggregates and the solid state.A deep understanding of the AIE mechanism is critical for the rational development of AIEgens.In this work,the“state-crossing from a locally excited to an electron transfer state”(SLEET)model is employed to rationalize the AIE phenomenon of two(bi)piperidylanthracenes.According to the SLEET model,an electron transfer(ET)state is formed along with the rotation of the piperidyl group in the excited state of(bi)piperidylan-thracene monomers,leading to fluorescence quenching.In contrast,a bright state exists in the crystal and molecular aggregates of these compounds,as the intermolecular interactions restrict the formation of the dark ET state.This mechanistic understanding could inspire the deployment of the SLEET model in the rational designs of various functional AIEgens.     

基于塑料传像光纤阵列的多孔径高分辨成像技术

为解决传统光纤传像系统中分辨率受传像光纤像素数量制约而导致系统整体分辨率提升困难的问题,提出一种基于塑料传像光纤阵列的多孔径高分辨成像技术,利用传像光纤阵列及图像拼接技术突破像素数难以提升的瓶颈。通过高分辨、小截面的传像光纤组合阵列提升像素,结合微透镜阵列重叠成像的效果,实现光纤阵列成像的完整性,有望使光纤传像系统像素数达到百万数量级。通过建立光纤传像系统性能指标与光学参数之间的关系,仿真设计一款室内监控远心镜头作为传像系统的主镜头,并设计微透镜阵列作为主镜头与传像光纤阵列之间的中继镜头。仿真结果表明,主镜头与微透镜阵列均满足传像光纤性能需求。实验测试结果表明,系统含有40万有效像素,分辨率为40 lp/mm,图像输出完整,该成像系统设计具有良好的可行性,对光纤传像系统的分辨率提升具有重要的实际参考意义。